23 Jan Neanderthals have all too often been portrayed as brutish peoples, much of it based on descriptions of an arthritic specimen
Neanderthals have all too often been portrayed as brutish peoples, much of it based on descriptions of an arthritic specimen. We now know that they possessed many of the cultural attributes today’s humans possess: the ability to make and use tools that were sophisticated at the time, evidence of compassion, and even to—seemingly—mourn the dead.
Based on lectures, readings in Stein and Rowe et al. Physical Anthropology. (Chapter 14) and viewing Neanderthals on Trial , and Decoding Neanderthals, both in You Tube, please answer the following questions. (Total value: 70 points; due date, May 17.).
- Could Homo neanderthalensis have interbred with Homo sapiens? Defend your answer. Use evidence from Neanderthal on Trial and Decoding Neanderthals and readings in Chapter 14. Include in your discussion the DNA evidence discussed on p.344 and p. 368 in Ch. 14 As usual, rely on your lecture notes as well. (20 points)
- Based on both your readings and the video, describe the toolmaking abilities of Homo neanderthalensis. Review both the videos and Stein and Rowe’s Ch. 14 for your answer.. Don’t take either as gospel truth. Be aware that how well you argue your case is more important than any “correct” answer. (15 points)
- Continuing from question 2, how did the toolmaking abilities of H. neanderthalensiscompare with that of modern H. sapiens? For example, could the former have made blades or other tools finer than the Mousterian tradition? Include the Châtelperronian on p. 377 in your discussion. (15 points)
- Finally, what other behaviors can we determine from the evidence. Was Neanderthal compassionate? Did she/he have a language? Discuss your available evidence, especially on pp. 228-231 and pp. 344-357 and in Decoding Neanderthals.. (20 points)
Physical
Anthropology
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Physical Anthropology
Tenth Edition
Philip L. Stein Los Angeles Pierce College
Bruce M. Rowe Los Angeles Pierce College
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PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, TENTH EDITION
Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2006, 2003, and 1999. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.
Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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ISBN 978-0-07-340531-5 MHID 0-07-340531-0
Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Mike Ryan VP EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Sponsoring Editor Gina Boedeker Managing Editor: Nicole Bridge Marketing Manager: Caroline McGillen Project Manager: Erin Melloy Design Coordinator: Margarite Reynolds Cover Designer: Kay Lieberherr Photo Research: Natalia Peshiera, Robin Samper USE Cover Image Credit: Digital Vision Ltd./Getty Images Production Supervisor: Kara Kudronowicz Media Project Manager: Jennifer Barrick Compositor: Aptara®, Inc. Typeface: 10/12 Times New Roman PS Printer: Worldcolor
All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Stein, Philip L. Physical anthropology / Philip L. Stein, Bruce M. Rowe.—10th ed.
p. cm. ISBN 978-0-07-340531-5 (alk. paper) 1. Physical anthropology. I. Rowe, Bruce M. II. Title. GN60.S72 2006 599.9—dc22
2009044036
www.mhhe.com
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To our families and in the memory of
Eleanor Frances Blumenthal
Barbara Stein Akerman
Arnold L. Freed, M.D.
Sidney G. Stein
Rae Stein
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vi
Preface xiii
About the Authors xvi
Acknowledgments xvii
List of Boxes xix
Chapter 1
INVESTIGATING THE NATURE OF HUMANKIND 1
Chapter 2
THE STUDY OF HEREDITY 23
Chapter 3
THE MODERN STUDY OF HUMAN GENETICS 48
Chapter 4
POPULATION GENETICS 69
Chapter 5
NATURAL SELECTION AND THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES 86
Chapter 6
PEOPLE’S PLACE IN NATURE 112
Chapter 7
THE LIVING PRIMATES 132
Chapter 8
COMPARATIVE STUDIES: ANATOMY AND GENETICS 159
Chapter 9
NONHUMAN PRIMATE BEHAVIOR 190
Chapter 10
HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN PERSPECTIVE 214
Chapter 11
THE RECORD OF THE PAST 234
Chapter 12
THE EARLY PRIMATE FOSSIL RECORD AND THE ORIGINS OF THE HOMININS 261
Chapter 13
THE EARLY HOMININS 286
Chapter 14
EARLY SPECIES OF THE GENUS HOMO 319
Chapter 15
THE EVOLUTION OF HOMO SAPIENS 360
Chapter 16
THE BIOLOGY OF MODERN HOMO SAPIENS 385
Chapter 17
THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN VARIATION 412
Chapter 18
THE MODERN WORLD 435
APPENDIX: AN INTRODUCTION TO SKELETAL ANATOMY AND THE ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN A–1
GLOSSARY G
GLOSSARY OF PRIMATE HIGHER TAXA G–19
CREDITS C–1
INDEX I–1
Brief Contents
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Contents
Preface xiii
About the Authors xvi
Acknowledgments xvii
List of Boxes xix
Chapter 1
INVESTIGATING THE NATURE OF HUMANKIND 1
The World of Physical Anthropology 2 Studies of Physical Anthropology 2 Physical Anthropology in the World of
Anthropology 2 Conclusion 3
The Nature of Science 4 Hypotheses and Testing Hypotheses 4 Science and Religion 5
Summary 6
Views on the Essence of Humans, Nature, and Time 7 Questioning the Old Ideas 7 Early Evolutionary Ideas 8 What Is the Age of the Earth? 10 Humans before Adam and Eve? 11
Box 1-1 William “Strata” Smith 11
Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery 12 Darwinian Natural Selection 13 Evolution and Anti-Evolution Movements 15
Box 1-2 The Scopes Trial 16
Box 1-3 Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District 18
Evolutionary Theory after Darwin: The Grand Synthesis 19
Summary 20
Key Terms 20
Study Questions 20
Critical Thinking Questions 21
Suggested Readings 21
Suggested Websites 22
Chapter 2
THE STUDY OF HEREDITY 23
Discovering the Mechanisms of Heredity 24 Problems in the Study of Heredity 24 The Work of Gregor Mendel 24
Box 2-1 Gregor Mendel and the Discovery of the Laws of Heredity 25
A Model of Genetic Events 26 What Is a Trait? 27 Mendelian Inheritance in Humans 28
Summary 30
Cytogenetics 31 The Chromosomes 31 Cell Division 32 Reexamining Mendelian Genetics 35
Summary 39
The Molecular Basis of Heredity 39 Molecules of Life 39 The Nucleic Acids 40
Box 2-2 Facts about DNA 42
Protein Synthesis 44
Summary 45
Key Terms 46
Study Questions 46
Critical Thinking Questions 47
Suggested Readings 47
Suggested Websites 47
Chapter 3
THE MODERN STUDY OF HUMAN GENETICS 48
Medical Genetics 49 Blood-Type Systems 49 Human Inherited Abnormalities 51 Other Patterns of Inheritance 53
Box 3-1 Sex and the Olympics 54
Chromosomal Abnormalities 55
Summary 58
Genetics and Human Affairs 58 Genetics and Medicine 58 The Control of Human Biological
Evolution 60
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Box 3-2 Genetics and Insurance: An Ethical Dilemma 62
Summary 63
Advances in the Molecular Study of Genetics 63 What Is a Gene? 63 The Human Genome 64
Box 3-3 Landmarks in Genetics: The First DNA Sequence of an Animal Genome Is Decoded 65
Box 3-4 DNA Fingerprinting 66
Summary 66
Key Terms 66
Study Questions 67
Critical Thinking Questions 67
Suggested Readings 68
Suggested Websites 68
Chapter 4
POPULATION GENETICS 69
A Model of Population Genetics 70 Populations 70 Genetic Equilibrium 71 Using the Genetic-Equilibrium Model 73
Summary 75
Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change 75 Mutations 75 Genetic Drift, Population Bottlenecking, and the Founder
Principle 77
Box 4-1 The Case of the Island of the Colorblind 79
Box 4-2 The Case of Mad King George 80
Gene Flow 80 Nonrandom Mating 81 Differential Fertility 82
Box 4-3 The Population Genetics of Religious Isolates 83
Summary 84
Key Terms 84
Study Questions 84
Critical Thinking Questions 85
Suggested Readings 85
Suggested Websites 85
Chapter 5
NATURAL SELECTION AND THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES 86
Box 5-1 The Importance of Words 87
Natural Selection 87 Environment, Habitat, and Niche 88 The Mechanisms of Natural Selection 88
Types of Natural Selection 90 Natural Selection in Humans 91 Natural Selection and Sickle-Cell Anemia 93 Sexual Selection 96 Kin Selection 98
Summary 99
The Origin of Species 100 The Evolution of Subspecies 100
Box 5-2 Social Darwinism 101
The Evolution of Species 101 Specialized and Generalized Species 103 Rates of Speciation 104
Box 5-3 Eugenics and the Reduction of Variability 105
Some Basic Concepts in Evolutionary Theory 106
Summary 109
Key Terms 109
Study Questions 110
Critical Thinking Questions 110
Suggested Readings 110
Suggested Websites 111
Chapter 6
PEOPLE’S PLACE IN NATURE 112
Taxonomy 113 Linnaeus’s Classification 113
Box 6-1 The Diversity of Life 114
The Taxonomic Hierarchy 114 The Basis of Modern Taxonomy 115 Determining Evolutionary Relationships 116
Box 6-2 The Feet of Whales 117
Cladistics 119
Box 6-3 Linnaean Systematics in the Twenty-First Century 121
Summary 121
People and the Animal World 122 The Animal Kingdom 122 The Phylum Chordata 122 The Vertebrates 122 The Mammals 124
Summary 129
Key Terms 130
Study Questions 130
Critical Thinking Questions 130
Suggested Readings 131
Suggested Websites 131
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Chapter 7
THE LIVING PRIMATES 132
The Primate Order 133 The Evolution of the Primates 133 Characteristics of the Primates 134 The Senses 134
Box 7-1 The Advantages of Color Vision 135
The Growth and Development of Primates 136
Summary 138
The Living Primates 139 The Lemuriformes 139 The Tarsiiformes 143 The New World Monkeys 144 The Old World Monkeys 145 The Apes 147 The Gibbons 148
Box 7-2 Talking about Apes and Humans 149
The Orangutan 150 The African Great Apes 151
Box 7-3 The Discovery of the Gorilla 152
Humans 155
Box 7-4 Vanishing Primates 156
Summary 156
Key Terms 157
Study Questions 157
Critical Thinking Questions 157
Suggested Readings 157
Suggested Websites 158
Chapter 8
COMPARATIVE STUDIES: ANATOMY AND GENETICS 159
Comparative Anatomy of Locomotion and Manipulation 160 Locomotor Patterns among the Primates 160 Comparative Anatomy of Primate Locomotion 162 The Hominoid Skeleton 163 Adaptations for Erect Bipedalism 165 Comparative Anatomy of the Hand 167
Summary 169
Comparative Anatomy of the Skull and the Brain 170 Positioning of the Skull on the Spine 170 The Sense Organs 170 The Evolution of the Brain 172 Primate Dentition 174
Box 8-1 The Ultrastructure of Tooth Enamel 176
The Jaw 179
Summary 181
Comparative Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology 181 Comparative Cytogenetics 182 Comparative Studies of Proteins 184 Comparative Genomics 186
Summary 187
Key Terms 187
Study Questions 188
Critical Thinking Questions 188
Suggested Readings 188
Suggested Websites 189
Chapter 9
NONHUMAN PRIMATE BEHAVIOR 190
Primate Behavior 191 Kinds of Primate Social Organization 191
Box 9-1 The Behavior of the Dwarf
Lemur 193
Methods in the Study of Primate Behavior 194
Box 9-2 The Rhesus Monkeys of Cayo Santiago 195
Summary 196
Case Studies of Primate Behavior 196 Social Behavior of the Gibbon 196 Social Behavior of the Gelada 198 Social Behavior of the Savanna Baboon 200 Social Behavior of the Chimpanzee 206
Box 9-3 The Sexual Behavior of the Bonobo 209
Summary 211
Key Terms 211
Study Questions 211
Critical Thinking Questions 212
Suggested Readings 212
Suggested Websites 213
Chapter 10
HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN PERSPECTIVE 214
Social Behavior of Human Foragers 215 The Structure of the Human Band 215 Age and Diet 217
Contents ix
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Chapter 12
THE EARLY PRIMATE FOSSIL RECORD AND THE ORIGINS OF THE HOMININS 261
Evolution of the Early Primates 262 The Earliest Primates 262 The Early True Primates and the Origins of the
Prosimians 263
Summary 266
Evolution of the Anthropoidea 266 The Earliest Anthropoids 266 The Anthropoids of the Fayum 267 The Evolution of the New World Monkeys 269 The Evolution of the Old World Monkeys 269
Summary 271
Evolution of the Hominoidea 271 Hominoids of the Early Miocene 271 Continents in Collision 273 The Miocene Hominid Radiation 273 The Origins of the Modern Hominids 277
Box 12-1 What Gigantopithecus Had for Dinner 278
Summary 279
The Origin of the Hominins 279 Sahelanthropus tchadensis 280 Orrorin tugenensis 281 Ardipithecus kadabba 282 Ardipithecus ramidus 282
Summary 283
Key Terms 284
Study Questions 284
Critical Thinking Questions 284
Suggested Readings 285
Suggested Websites 285
Chapter 13
THE EARLY HOMININS 286
Discoveries of the Early Hominins 287 The Early Hominins of South Africa 287
Box 13-1 Naming Fossils 288 The Fossils of Olduvai Gorge 292 The Fossils of the Lake Turkana Basin 294 The Fossils of the Afar 297
Box 13-2 Was Lucy a Swinger? 298
The Laetoli Footprints 299 The Fossils of Chad 301 Drawing a Family Tree 301
x Contents
Summary 219
Are Humans Unique? 219 Culture 220 Protoculture among Nonhuman
Primates 221 Human Universals 222 Communication 224 Language 225
Box 10-1 Bird and Human Communication: Alex the Parrot and the FOXP2 Gene 228
Intelligence in Nonhuman Primates 228
Summary 231
Key Terms 232
Study Questions 232
Critical Thinking Questions 232
Suggested Readings 232
Suggested Websites 233
Chapter 11
THE RECORD OF THE PAST 234
Box 11-1 Fossils of the Gods 235
Fossils and Their Interpretation 235 The Nature of Fossils 236 Biases in the Fossil Record 237 Differential Preservation 239 What Can Fossils Tell Us? 240 Taxonomy and the Fossil Record 241
Summary 244
Geological Time 244 Stratigraphy 244
Box 11-2 What Is a Billion? 245
Box 11-3 The Piltdown Skull 247
Chronometric Dating Techniques 247 Radiometric Dating Techniques 248 Other Dating Techniques 251 The Geomagnetic Time Scale 252 The Geological Time Scale 252 Plate Tectonics 253 A Brief History of the Cenozoic 255
Box 11-4 Where Have All the Dinosaurs Gone? 256
Summary 258
Key Terms 259
Study Questions 259
Critical Thinking Questions 259
Suggested Readings 260
Suggested Websites 260
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Summary 302
Early Hominins: Interpretations of the Evidence 304 Australopithecines as Erect Bipeds 305
Box 13-3 What Is a Tool? 307
Early Hominin Tool Use 307 Early Hominin Dentition 309 The Early Hominin Brain 311 The Early Hominin Skull 312 Ecology and the Early Hominins 313
Summary 316
Key Terms 316
Study Questions 316
Critical Thinking Questions 317
Suggested Readings 317
Suggested Websites 318
Chapter 14
EARLY SPECIES OF THE GENUS HOMO 319 The Early Homo Fossil Record 320
The Genus Homo 320 Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis 322 Homo ergaster and Homo erectus 323
Box 14-1 The Disappearance of the Zhoukoudian Fossils 329
Homo antecessor 332 Homo heidelbergensis 332
Box 14-2 How Do You Spell and Pronounce “Neandert_l”? 335 Homo neandertalensis 335
Box 14-3 La Chapelle-aux-Saints 338
Summary 343
The Culture of Early Homo 344 Interpreting the Archaeological Evidence 344 The Culture of the Earliest Homo 345 Hunting, Scavenging, and Gathering 349 The Brain and Language in
Prehistoric Populations 350 The Culture of the Neandertals 352
Box 14-4 Whom Are We Having for Dinner? The Roots of Cannibalism 356
Summary 357
Key Terms 357
Study Questions 358
Critical Thinking Questions 358
Suggested Readings 359
Suggested Websites 359
Chapter 15
THE EVOLUTION OF HOMO SAPIENS 360
Homo sapiens 361 The Distribution of Fossil Homo sapiens in the Old
World 361 Ideas on the Origins of Homo sapiens 364
Box 15-1 Symbolism, Ochre, Shell sh, and the Origin of Modern Human Behavior and Cognition 365
The Migrations of Homo sapiens to Australia and the New World 366
Summary 369
The Culture of Homo sapiens 370 Humans’ Relationship to the Environment 370 Upper Paleolithic Technology 370 Art of the Upper Paleolithic 372 Upper Paleolithic Cultural Traditions 373
Box 15-2 Upper Paleolithic Cave Art 375 Archaeology of the New World 376
Summary 378
Post-Pleistocene Homo sapiens 378 The Mesolithic: Transition from Hunting-Gathering
to Farming 378
Box 15-3 “Man’s Best Friend” 379
The Origins of Farming 379 The Neolithic 380 The Rise of Civilization 381
Summary 382
Key Terms 383
Study Questions 383
Critical Thinking Questions 383
Suggested Readings 383
Suggested Websites 384
Chapter 16
THE BIOLOGY OF MODERN HOMO SAPIENS 385
Human Adaptability: Adjustments 386 Behavioral Adjustments 386 Acclimatory Adjustments 387
Box 16-1 How High Can People Live without Bottled Oxygen? 390
Developmental Adjustments 392
Summary 393
Human Adaptation 393 The Nature of Skin Color 393 Adaptation and Body Build 395
Contents xi
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Summary 396
The Nature of Human Growth and Development 397 Growth and Development of the Human Body 398 Puberty 401 Control of Growth and Development 404 The Secular Trend in Growth and Development 406
Box 16-2 Aging 407
The Adult Skeleton 408
Summary 409
Key Terms 410
Study Questions 410
Critical Thinking Questions 410
Suggested Readings 411
Suggested Websites 411
Chapter 17
THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN VARIATION 412
The Distribution of Variability 413 Clinal Distributions 413 Variability in Frequency of Genetic Disease 414 Cultural Variation 415
Summary 417
Box 17-1 Skeletal Evidence of Cultural Practices 418
The Classification of Human Variation 418 Folk Taxonomies of Race 418 Attempts at Scientific Classifications of Human
Variation 420 The Genetic Relationship between Human Populations 426 Race as Illusion 428 Race and Medicine 429 Human Variation and Intelligence 430 Human Variation and Cultural Capabilities 431
Summary 432
Key Terms 433
Study Questions 433
Critical Thinking Questions 433
Suggested Readings 433
Suggested Websites 434
Chapter 18
THE MODERN WORLD 435
Cultural Changes and Their Consequences 436 Urbanization and Industrialization 437 The Role of Disease in Human Evolution 441
Box 18-1 Human Technology as a Selective Agent 444 The Earth at Risk 445 What Can We Say about the Future? 450 Learning from Our Mistakes 451
Box 18-2 People Made to Order 451
Summary 452
Application of Anthropological Knowledge 452 Darwinian Medicine 453 Forensic Anthropology 454 Anthropology and You—A Personal Note
to the Student 455
Summary 457
Key Terms 457
Study Questions 457
Critical Thinking Questions 458
Suggested Readings 458
Suggested Websites 458
Appendix: An Introduction to Skeletal Anatomy and the Anatomy of the Brain A–1
Glossary G–1
Glossary of Primate Higher Taxa G–20
Credits C–1
Index I–1
xii Contents
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WHAT IS NEW IN THE TENTH EDITION? Physical anthropology is a dynamic eld. We have updated the entire book on the basis of new information. This is seen most clearly in the chapters on the fossil record of human evolution (Chapters 12–15). As this edition was being prepared, a 47-million-year-old fossil, Darwinius massillae, which was nicknamed “Ida,” was touted as “the missing link” in human evolution. The Internet and print media were full of claims and speculation, much of which either was not true or played on the public’s misunderstanding of evolution, especially the misconception of a “missing link.” Ida has little signi cance to the understanding of human evolution. We hope that after students complete a course in Physical Anthropology, they will recognize illogical or factually incorrect statements made in the name of evolutionary theory in the popular media. (D. massillae is discussed in the chapter on early primate evolution, along with a photograph.)
In addition to updating the contents, we have also streamlined the text, shortening it and making it less encyclopedic. We hope that in addition to making the book easier to read, this will also reduce the cost to the student. The following are more-speci c changes in this edition:
Chapter 1—Investigating the Nature of Humankind. The year 2009 was Darwin’s 200th birthday and the 150th anniversary of the publication of Darwin’s book that revolutionized biological sciences, On the Origin of Species. We have included more information on Darwin and the philosophical controversies that arose from its publication.
Chapter 3—The Modern Study of Human Genetics. We have updated the section on gene regulation and expression and added a section on epigenetics and on GINA (Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act).
Chapter 4—Population Genetics. We have added new information on the genetic consequences of cousin mating.
Chapter 8—Comparative Studies: Anatomy and Genetics. We have added a discussion of comparative genomics.
Chapter 10—Human Behavior in Perspective. The coverage of protoculture and nonhuman culture has been expanded and updated. We also added a section on “the theory of the mind” and a discussion of the universal traits of language in light of linguistic studies of a group of people called the Pinahã.
Chapter 11—The Record of the Past. We revised the box on the Piltdown hoax and also discussed the difference in perceiving evolution as a tree or a bush.
Chapter 12—The Early Primate Fossil Record and the Origins of the Hominins. We have revised the section on the earliest anthropoids, including a short discussion of Darwinius massillae (Ida), and have considerably streamlined the chapter. The discussion of Ardipithecus has been revised to include the analysis of the Ardipithecus skeleton popularly known as “Ardi.”
Chapter 13—The Early Hominins. We have added new information on the bipedalism of Oreopithecus and a new box called “Was Lucy a Swinger?” about CT scans of Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) as well as information on the fossil known as the Dikika Baby (“Lucy’s Child”).
Chapter 14—Early Species of the Genus Homo. We have added new information on fossils from Dmanisi, on “Peking Man,” and on the 1.5-million-year-old footprints associated with Homo erectus, as well as the evolutionary implications of these nds. There is also new material on the “little people” of the island of Flores, Homo or ensiensis.
Preface
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Chapter 15—The Evolution of Homo Sapiens. We have included information on the Liujiang skull and the Oasa Cave nds in Romania, as w ell as expanded coverage of Kennewick Man and a new box dealing with the evolution of modern humans in South Africa.
Chapter 18—The Modern World. We added a box call “People Made to Order” which discusses how future humans may be redesigning themselves genetically and mechanically.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to thank the reviewers of the tenth edition whose valuable comments helped steer our revision.
Annalisa Alvrus, Ph.D. Mesa Community College, Mesa AZ
Ellen E. Bell, Ph.D. California State University, Stanislaus
Douglas J. Anderson Front Range Community College—Westminster Campus
Matt Sponheimer University of Colorado at Boulder
Lawrence W. Powers, Ph.D. Oregon Institute of Technology (Klamath Falls, OR)
David R. Schwimmer Columbus State University
Michael Pietrusewsky University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, HI
Michael Blood Grossmont College
SUPPLEMENTS For the Student
Student’s Online Learning Center—This free Web-based student supplement features the following helpful tools at www.mhhe.com/stein10:
• Chapter objectives, outlines, and overviews.
• PowerPoint lecture notes.
• Self-quizzes (multiple choice and true/false questions with feedback indicating why an answer is correct or incorrect).
• Essay questions.
• Key terms.
• Vocabulary ashcards.
• Audio glossary.
FOR THE INSTRUCTOR Instructor’s Manual/Test Bank—This indispensable instructor supplement features chapter outlines, chapter summaries, learning objectives, media and lm suggestions, and a complete and extensive test bank with over a thousand test questions.
xiv Preface
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Instructor’s Online Learning Center—Password-protected access to important instructor support materials and downloadable supplements such as
• The instructor’s manual.
• PowerPoint lecture slides.
PowerWeb: Anthropology—A password-protected website that offers professors a turnkey solution for adding the Internet to a course. It includes current articles from Annual Editions, curriculum-based materials, weekly updates with assessment, informative and timely world news, refereed Web links, research tools, student study tools, interactive exercises, and much more.
As a full-service publisher of quality educational products, McGraw-Hill does much more than just sell textbooks. The publisher has created and published an extensive array of print, video, and digital supplements for students and instructors. This edition of Physical Anthropol- ogy includes an exciting supplements package. Orders of new (versus used) textbooks help us defray the cost of developing such supplements, which is substantial. Please consult your local McGraw-Hill representative for more information on any of the supplements.
Philip L. Stein Bruce M. Rowe
Preface xv
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xvi
Philip L. Stein Los Angeles Pierce College
Philip L. Stein has been teaching continuously at Pierce College since 1964. He received his BA in Zoology and MA in Anthropology from UCLA in 1961 and 1963, respectively. He has held a variety of positions at Pierce College, both as an instructor and as an admin- istrator. He has contributed articles and chapters and has made presentations on the teach- ing of physical anthropology, including “The Teaching of Physical Anthropology,” in C. Kottak et al. (eds.), The Teaching of Anthropology: Problems, Issues, and Decisions (Mountain View, CA: May eld , 1996), pp. 183–188; and “Teaching Anthropology in the Community College,” in A. S. Ryan (ed.), A Guide to Careers in Physical Anthropology (Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 2002), pp. 43–51. He has just completed the third edition The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft (Prentice Hall, 2011) with his daugh- ter, Rebecca Stein, an instructor at Los Angeles Valley College. Professor Stein is a fellow of the American Anthropological Association and a member of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists and other professional organizations. He is active in the Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges, in which he served as President in 1995–96.
Bruce M. Rowe Los Angeles Pierce College
Bruce M. Rowe is Professor of Anthropology at Los Angeles Pierce College, where he has taught since 1970. In addition to teaching physical and cultural anthropology courses, he teaches sociology and linguistics classes. He has coauthored nine previous editions of Phys- ical Anthropology and two editions of Physical Anthropology: The Core. Professor Rowe also has authored four editions of The College Survival Guide: Hints and References to Aid College Students and The College Awareness Guide: What Students Need to Know to Suc- ceed in College. He is the coauthor of three editions of A Concise Introduction to Linguistics (with Diane P. Levine) and has contributed articles to two editions of Strategies in Teaching Anthropology. Professor Rowe has received numerous awards for teaching. He is a fellow of the American Anthropological Association and a member of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists and the Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges.
About the Authors
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Acknowledgments
David Abrams, Sacramento City College
Leslie Aiello, University College, London
Clifton Amsbury
James Baker, Okanagan College
Robert L. Blakely, Georgia State University
Rita Castellano, Los Angeles Pierce College
Russell L. Ciochon, University of Iowa
Glenn C. Conroy, Washington University School of Medicine
Elena Cunningham, Queen College
Mildred Dickerman
Daniel Evett, Cornell University
Marc Feldsman, Portland State University
Robin Franck, Southwestern College
Everett L. Frost, Eastern New Mexico University
Janet O. Frost, Eastern New Mexico University
Douglas R. Givens, St. Louis Community College
Glenn A. Gorelick, Citrus College
Philip G. Grant
Joseph Guillotte III, University of New Orleans
Van K. Hainline, Citrus College
Mark E. Harlan
C. C. Hoffman, University of Nevada, Reno
Cheryl Sorenson Jamison, Indiana University
L. Lewis Johnson, Vassar College
Gail Kennedy, University of California, Los Angeles
Karen Kovac
Andrew Kramer, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
William Leonard, University of Florida
Diane P. Levine, Los Angeles Pierce College
Leonard Lieberman, Central Michigan University
Mary Jean Livingston, Wayne County Community College
Jonathan Marks, University of California, Berkeley
James H. Mielke, University of Kansas
Anne Morton, Finger Lakes Community College
Edward E. Myers
Crystal Patil, Ohio State University
Robert L. Pence, Los Angeles Pierce College
Louanna Pettay, California State University, Sacramento
Gary D. Richards, University of California, Berkeley
Peter S. Rodman, University of California, Davis
Irwin Rovner, North Carolina State University
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Fill in all the assignment paper details that are required in the order form with the standard information being the page count, deadline, academic level and type of paper. It is advisable to have this information at hand so that you can quickly fill in the necessary information needed in the form for the essay writer to be immediately assigned to your writing project. Make payment for the custom essay order to enable us to assign a suitable writer to your order. Payments are made through Paypal on a secured billing page. Finally, sit back and relax.
About Wridemy
We are a professional paper writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework. We offer HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE Papers.
How It Works
To make an Order you only need to click on “Order Now” and we will direct you to our Order Page. Fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Are there Discounts?
All new clients are eligible for 20% off in their first Order. Our payment method is safe and secure.