Introduction Author: Dr. Gary Chapman, marriage counselor and pastor. Publication: First published in 1992; sold over 20 million copies worldwide. Core Idea: People express and receive love in different “languages.” Miscommunication occurs when partners use different languages. Goal: To help couples, families, and individuals strengthen relationships by learning to...
Introduction Decision making is a fundamental managerial and psychological process. Two influential frameworks dominate discussions: Rational Model of Decision Making (sometimes called the “Economic Man” model). Behavioral Model of Decision Making (often associated with Herbert Simon’s concept of bounded rationality). The central difference lies in how information is perceived,...
Introduction Healthcare delivery models are frameworks that define how healthcare services are financed, organized, and provided to populations. Each model reflects a country’s history, politics, economy, and cultural values. Globally, four dominant models are recognized: The Beveridge Model The Bismarck Model The National Health Insurance (NHI) Model The Out‑of‑Pocket Model Understanding...
Introduction Healthcare delivery models are frameworks that define how healthcare services are financed, organized, and provided to populations. Each model reflects a country’s history, politics, economy, and cultural values. Globally, four dominant models are recognized: The Beveridge Model The Bismarck Model The National Health Insurance (NHI) Model The Out‑of‑Pocket Model Understanding...
Study Notes: Disorder‑Specific Severity Measures for Adults Focus: Level 2—Substance Use—Adult (Adapted from the NIDA‑Modified ASSIST) 1. Introduction Substance use disorders (SUDs) are among the most prevalent psychiatric and public health problems worldwide. They involve maladaptive patterns of alcohol, tobacco, or drug use leading to clinically significant impairment or...
Study Notes: Disorder‑Specific Severity Measures for Adults Focus: Level 2—Sleep Disturbance—Adult (PROMIS Sleep Disturbance—Short Form) 1. Introduction PROMIS (Patient‑Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) is a set of measures developed by the NIH to evaluate physical, mental, and social health. PROMIS tools are widely used in clinical practice and research...
Study Notes: Disorder‑Specific Severity Measures for Adults Focus: Level 2—Repetitive Thoughts and Behaviors—Adult (Adapted from FOCI Severity Scale Part B) 1. Introduction Disorder‑specific severity measures are standardized tools designed to assess the intensity of symptoms for particular psychiatric conditions. They provide quantitative data that supports diagnosis, treatment planning, monitoring...
Study Notes: Disorder‑Specific Severity Measures for Adults Focus: Level 2—Somatic Symptom—Adult (PHQ‑15) 1. Introduction Somatic symptoms are physical complaints that may or may not have a clear medical explanation. They are common in primary care and psychiatric settings and can lead to significant distress and functional impairment. The Patient Health...
Study Notes: Disorder‑Specific Severity Measures for Adults Focus: Level 2—Anxiety—Adult (PROMIS Emotional Distress—Anxiety—Short Form) 1. Introduction PROMIS (Patient‑Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) is a set of measures developed by the NIH to evaluate physical, mental, and social health. PROMIS tools are widely used in clinical practice and research to...
Study Notes: Disorder‑Specific Severity Measures for Adults Focus: Level 2—Mania—Adult (Altman Self‑Rating Mania Scale [ASRM]) 1. Introduction Disorder‑specific severity measures are standardized tools used to assess the intensity of symptoms for particular psychiatric conditions. They provide quantitative data that supports diagnosis, treatment planning, monitoring progress, and evaluating outcomes. For adults,...