12. Biologists at the Calfornia Academy are studying new life forms found in the arctic and have collected an unknown specimen that appears to have a cell membrane and ribosomes. This speclmen could be… a virus a prokaryote a eukaryote either B or C A, B, or C 13. A young woman develops breast cancer that does not spread to any other tissues; the original mutation responsible for the cancer arose in a single breast cell. If she and her husband (who does not have cancer) have children after the breast cancer diagnosis, which of the following statements is most likely to be true? All the woman’s children will inherit the mutation. Half of the woman’s children will inherit the mutation if the mutation is dominant. None of the woman’s children will inherit the mutation. Some of the woman’s children may inherit the mutation depending on which chromosomes they inherit There is not enough information to know for sure. 14. The majority of actual weight (dry biomass) gained by plants as they progress from seed to adult plant comes from which one of the following? Substances in the soil that are taken up by plant roots. Molecules in the air that enter through holes in the plant leaves. Water taken up directly by plant roots. Energy from the sun. 15. Which of the following are ordered correctly from LARGEST to SMALLEST? virus, mitochondrion, glucose, hemoglobin, water molecule mitochondrion, hemoglobin, virus, glucose, water molecule mitochondrion, virus, glucose, hemoglobin, water molecule virus, mitochondrion, hemoglobin, glucose, water molecule 16. What happens to the oxygen gas (02) that you INHALE? It becomes part of water molecules It is exhaled unchanged It becomes part of carbon dioxide molecules. Both A and B Both B and C 17. Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in cells? Trait+ Protein- Gene RNA RNA Protein Gene TraitA Gene RNA Protein Trait Gene- Trait+ RNA Protein Trait- Gene Protein RNA 18. Sickle cell anemia in humans is caused by mutations in a single gene and is inherited as an autosomal (non-sex chromosome) recessive trait. A normal couple has one child who has sickle cell anemia. The couple is contemplating a second child. What is the chance that the second child would be unaffected (healthy)? 100% 75% 50% 25% 096 19. Once a carbon atom from carbon dioxide in the air enters a plant, which of the following paths could that carbon atom take? Exit the plant in a molecule of oxygen gas Become part of carbon dioxide gas released Become part of a protein molecule in the plant Both A and B Both B and C 20. The gene for eye color can be found in which of the following cells of your body? only in your eye cells only in your gametes only in your skin cells in both your eye cells and gametes in your eye cells, gametes, and skin cells 21. Which of the following is closest to your impression of the modern theory of evolution? Evolution occurred because different individuals left different numbers of offspring Humans evolved either from the gorilla or chimpanzee in Africa Evolution involves a purposeful striving toward higher forms, a steady progress from microbes to humans Evolution occurred because the strong eventually eliminated the weak The phrase “survival of the fittest