Define transcription and translation and indicate in what compartment of the cell each takes place What is the transcription unit of a gene? What is the function of exocytosis? Describe an important role for exocytosis in neuronal communication. What is the function of endocytosis? Describe an important role for endocytosis in neuronal signaling. What are the similarities and differences in the organelles and cellular location of protein synthesis for calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) subunits and metabotropic glutamate receptors? Why? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What does local protein synthesis in neurons refer to? Describe the experimental evidence for 7. What are neurofilaments, microtubules, microfilaments? Describe the role of each in neuronal 8. The brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease show degradation of microtubule function, in part 9. Figure Q2-10 shows an interpretive drawing of a microtubule moving rightward on a glass slide local protein synthesis of proteins targeted to dendritic processes. function. from over-phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein, tau. What might happen to neurons when microtubule function is disrupted? to which a substance purified from squid axoplasm had been immobilized, in the presence of ATP microtubule glass silde Figure Q2-10 A. What is the substance that was purified that allows movement of the microtubule? B. What would happen if a non-hydrolyzable form of ATP was added to the solution? 10. In transportation within axons, which direction is retrograde? Which direction is anterograde? Which microtubule motor proteins are responsible for transport in either direction? 11. The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and on intracellular vesicles is highly impermeable to most molecules that are soluble in aqueous environments such as the cytosol of extracellular milieu. What are the two major classes of proteins that are involved in transporting solutes across the lipid bilayer and how do they work? 12. What is the difference between active and passive transport and how do they work to move solutes across a membrane?