30 Mar The Growth of Cities
SOCIOLOGY
This week we are going over Chapter 14 which deals with issues of population and urbanization.
Demography is the study of the size, composition, growth, and distribution of human populations. Over 200 years ago Thomas Malthus observed that populations grow geometrically while food supplies increase arithmetically; he argued that the population of the world would eventually outstrip its food supply. The debate between those who agree with this prediction (the New Malthusians) and those who disagree (the Anti-Malthusians) continues. Today, the basic cause of starvation is the global misdistribution of food rather than world overpopulation.
Urbanization is when an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities; it represents the greatest mass migration in human history. Cities can only develop if there is an agricultural surplus. Until the Industrial Revolution cities were small, but as transportation and communication systems grew, the infrastructure of modern cities developed and they grew larger. Urbanization today is so extensive that some cities have become metropolises, sometimes merging to form a megalopolis. Within the U.S., the trend is toward gentrification and regional migration.
Four major models have been proposed to explain how cities expand: the concentriczone, sector, multiple-nuclei models, and the peripheral model. No one model is adequate in completely explaining the complexities of urban growth. Cities in the U.S. are subject to constant change, including disinvestment, suburbanization, and deindustrialization. Rural rebound refers to rural counties once again growing, reversing a trend that has been in place for a couple of hundred years. The guiding principles for developing social policy are scale, livability, and social justice.
The Growth of Cities
What led to the increase in urban population? Has this trend increased or decreased recently? Why?
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