28 May !This is a graded discussion: 25 points possible due May 11 at 1:
!This is a graded discussion: 25 points possible due May 11 at 1:59amWeek 1 Discussion: Psychological Perspectives 16 26Required ResourcesRead/review the following resources for this activity:Initial Post InstructionsAfter reviewing the case below, choose two perspectives (neuroscience, humanistic, cognitive, psychodynamicor behavioral) to create a short dialogue between two psychologists discussing Sara’s behavior. Feel free to becreative in your dialogue! Define your two chosen perspectives and briefly discuss the differences of eachapproach. What was one missing in your dialogue from the case that the other helped to explain?For example, what would a psychodynamic psychologist say about Sara’s behavior versus a cognitivepsychologist? Your dialogue might look something like this:Psychodynamic Psychologist: Sara seems to be exhibiting these behaviors as a result of unconsciousthoughts and conflicts she may not be aware of.Cognitive Psychologist: That could be true! But I think a possible cause of Sara’s anxiety could stem from theway she thinks about the world around her. Her thinking is distorted and we should work to change that.Psychodynamic Psychologist: Hmm… Sara’s parents did get a divorce when she was in high school, shecould have possibly repressed those feelings that are now coming to the surface from her own recent divorce.Cognitive Psychologist: Yes, but we are still not getting at the root of the way she thinks and processesinformation. She excessively worries about everything, not just her parent’s divorce and her own.CaseSara is 35 year-old woman currently struggling with increasing pressure at work and a recent divorce amongmany other things in her life. At the urging of her friends and family, she sought counseling and was diagnosedwith Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Sara has a tendency to worry excessively about her children,money, friends, cat, and just about everything else where other people might not find a reason to worry. At work,she has trouble concentrating and is finding it difficult to perform at her best. Her boss is putting more pressureon her to perform better and meet sales goals for the quarter. In general, Sara feels like she is often on edge,tense, exhausted and is very irritable, which has impacted her everyday life. The amount of stress and anxietySara is experiencing in her life is also contributing to her depression. She feels as though she is in a viciouscycle she can’t escape.When Sara was in middle school, her parents argued a lot and she often heard them talking about divorce. Inhigh school, Sara’s parents finally followed through and divorced, which made Sara feel very alone and not inTextbook: Chapters 1, 2, 3LessonTop!5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 1 of 24Search entries or author” Replycontrol of her own life. She said that she still feels that she is not in control, worries often, and can’t control howshe feels, despite her attempts.Be sure to make connections between your ideas and conclusions and the research, concepts, terms, andtheory we are discussing this week.Follow-Up Post InstructionsRespond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor. Further the dialogue by providing more informationand clarification.Writing RequirementsGradingThis activity will be graded using the Discussion Grading Rubric. Please review the following link:Course Outcomes (CO): 1Due Date for Initial Post: By 11:59 p.m. MT on WednesdayDue Date for Follow-Up Posts: By 11:59 p.m. MT on SundayMinimum of 3 posts (1 initial & 2 follow-up)Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside source)APA format for in-text citations and list of referencesLink (webpage): Discussion GuidelinesUnread # $ % Subscribe(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/69954) Renee Owens (Instructor)Apr 19, 2020!You may begin posting in this discussion forum on Monday, May 4th.5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 2 of 24This week, you will read about five major perspectives in modern psychology: Neuroscience, Humanistic,Cognitive, Psychodynamic and Behavioral. Each perspective explains human behavior in a differentway, with their own strengths and weaknesses. For example, the cognitive perspective focuses on howpeople think about and understand the world, but doesn’t take into account the physiological and biologicalprocesses of each individual (Feldman, 2018).Review the case below and create a short dialogue between two psychologists discussing Sara’sbehavior. Define your two chosen perspectives and briefly discuss the differences of eachapproach. What was one missing in your dialogue from the case that the other helped to explain?Feel free to be creative in your dialogue! Be sure to make connections between your ideas andconclusions and the research, concepts, terms, and theory we are discussing this week.CaseSara is 35 year-old woman currently struggling with increasing pressure at work and a recent divorceamong many other things in her life. At the urging of her friends and family, she sought counseling and wasdiagnosed with Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Sara has a tendency to worry excessivelyabout her children, money, friends, cat, and just about everything else where other people might not find areason to worry. At work, she has trouble concentrating and is finding it difficult to perform at her best. Herboss is putting more pressure on her to perform better and meet sales goals for the quarter. In general,Sara feels like she is often on edge, tense, exhausted and is very irritable, which has impacted hereveryday life. The amount of stress and anxiety Sara is experiencing in her life is also contributing to herdepression. She feels as though she is in a vicious cycle she can’t escape.When Sara was in middle school, her parents argued a lot and she often heard them talking about divorce.In high school, Sara’s parents finally followed through and divorced, which made Sara feel very alone andnot in control of her own life. She said that she still feels that she is not in control, worries often, and can’tcontrol how she feels, despite her attempts.*Please be sure to review the discussion guidelines via the link provided above as to make sure youunderstand how discussions will be graded. Remember to cite all of your sources in APA format (in-textcitations and a list of references)*5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 3 of 24” Reply &*Initial response should be posted by Wednesday, May 6th, 11:59 pm MT and discussion requirementsmust be met by Sunday, May 10th, by 11:59 pm MT*ReferencesFeldman, R. S. (2018). Understanding psychology (14th ed.). Dubuque: McGraw-Hill Education.(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/148121) Nicolle Bray(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/148121)Yesterday” Reply &!After reviewing the case I choose cognitive and psychodynamic.Cognitive: Studies how people understand and think about the world. (Feldman 2018, pg. 15)Psychodynamic: Contends behavior is motivated by their inner conscience. ( Feldman 2018, pg.15)Psychodynamic: Sara seems to have been suppressing her feelings about her parents’ divorce and it isfinally surfacing because of her recent divorce.Cognitive: That could be a possibility but it seems to me she is having a lot of pressure put on her forwork. This could definitely cause her to feel out of control.Psychodynamic: That is something to think about but if she felt out of control with her parents’ divorce itcould be the cause of her anxiety and stress now because her divorce just triggered those suppressedemotions.Cognitive: True but her divorce is probably putting a strain on her finical status and her boss isn’t helpingthe situation.References:Feldman, R.S (2018). Understanding psychology. (14th ed.)(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/138321) Chioma Anugwom(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/138321)Monday!After reviewing the case below; i choose cognitive and psychodynamic.Phychodynamic according to Sigmund Freud (1856 to 1939) he believed that event in our childhood have a5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 4 of 24” Reply &great influence on our adult lives, shaping our personality.Cognitive psychologist try to build up cognitive models of information processing that goes on inside people’sminds including perception, attention,language, memory and consciousness.psychodynamic psychologist versus cognitive psychologist about Sara’s behavior.Psychodynamic Psychologist: Sara might be having those troubles due to the events in her life while growingup, which she has suppressed for example, the argument and fights between her parents .Cognitive Psychologist; Maybe it is true, but on the other hand,maybe it is caused by the overwhelmingpressure of balancing the workloads in the office and at home.Psychodynamic Psychologist: That might be true but i feel that she developed the ability of suppressantagonistic and over whelming situations from the time she was growing up and watching her parentssituations. Battling up emotions and avoiding problematic situation for a longtime can have adverseoverwhelming effects on the psychological state of a person’s mind, resulting in depression, anxiety andirritability.Cognitive Psychologist: That is perfectly true. I believe that the accumulations of workload, both in the officeand at home, triggered the overflow of the emotions that resulted in Sara’s present state of mind.REFERENCE:Mc Leod, S. A. (2017). Psychodynamic Approach. Simple Psychology.(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/69954) Renee Owens (Instructor)Monday” Reply &!Hi Chioma,Thank you for your perspective on Sara’s case with your dialogue! What do you think are some of thesimilarities and/or differences of the cognitive and psychodynamic perspectives?(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/138321) Chioma Anugwom(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/138321)Monday!Psychodynamic mainly focuses on early childhood behavior while cognitive perspective is somewhatwell viewed in focus of examining the mental process of what one does based upon what one hasthought of doing. Psychodynamic perspective focuses more on unconscious process while5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 5 of 24” Reply &cognitive perspective focuses more on mental processes.(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/129318) Amanda Cafiero(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/129318)Monday!Hello Everyone,Initial Post InstructionsAfter reviewing the case below, choose two perspectives (neuroscience, humanistic, cognitive,psychodynamic or behavioral) to create a short dialogue between two psychologists discussing Sara’sbehavior. Feel free to be creative in your dialogue! Define your two chosen perspectives and briefly discussthe differences of each approach. What was one missing in your dialogue from the case that the other helpedto explain?The two perspectives I chose for this discussion is behavioral and cognitive. Behavioral perspective is shownthrough external emotion and behaviors which is following or copying a person’s actions. Cognitiveperspective is mainly based on people’s logical beliefs trying to be realistic about a situation.Behavioral Psychologist: Sara seems to be mimicking her parents and seeing it as a normal thing to beconfronted with conflict and negativity.Cognitive Psychologist: It appears due to her recent struggles with her divorce and stresses at work that hertendencies of worry have heightened.Behavioral Psychologist: Yes, her fears and worry have reached a new high and is struggling to cope with theadded pressures of everyday life.Cognitive Psychologist: Sara has to come to terms with the fact that she cannot control everything in her life,unexpected things happen and she needs to learn how to cope with that.5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 6 of 24” Reply &Reference:Feldman, R. S. (2018). Understanding psychology (14th ed.). Retrieved from:https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260883817/cfi/6/2!/4/2@0:0(https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260883817/cfi/6/2!/4/2@0:0)Stamm, K., Lin, Luona, and Cristidis, P. (2016): Module1. Psychologists At Work: retrieved fromhttps://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260883817/cfi/6/22!/4/406/2@0:45.4(https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260883817/cfi/6/22!/4/406/2@0:45.4)(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/69954) Renee Owens (Instructor)Monday!Hello Amanda,Thank you for your dialogue between the behavioral and cognitive psychologists! The behavioralperspective suggests that our behavior is a result from our learning and experience. This perspectivefocuses on our external behaviors that are observable and measurable (Feldman, 2018). On the otherhand, the cognitive perspective suggests that our behavior results from mental processes involved indecision making and problem-solving (Feldman, 2018). This perspective would ask questions like,“How do people think about and understand the world around them?”Psychology’s Modern Perspectives: PSYCHademia5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 7 of 24” Reply & (1 like)” (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/60629/discussion_topics/1690305#)ReferencesFeldman, R. S. (2018). Understanding psychology (14th ed.). Dubuque: McGraw-Hill Education.PSYCHademia. (2016, August 9). Psychology’s modern perspectives. Retrieved from(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/134006) Allyn Raatz(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/134006)Monday!Hello professor and class,The two psychological perspectives I chose for Sara’s case are Psychodynamic and Cognitive.With the cognitive perspective, we learn how people comprehend and represent the outside world withinthemselves and how our ways of thinking about the world influence our behavior. (Feldman, 2018 pg. 17)The psychodynamic perspective argues that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about whichwe have little awareness or control. (Feldman, 2018 pg. 16)Cognitive psychologist: I best think that the worry and anxiety that Sara struggles with stems from thinking toomuch into things. Allowing herself to get swept away in constant worry.Psychodynamic psychologist: I believe that Sara’s struggles actually stem from things that she has beensuppressing throughout her life that have come out over recent years. Her divorce has caused worry over herfinancials and children. The anxiety that causes her to always be on edge and irritable has stemmed from thepsychodynamic of conflicts going on within.Cognitive psychologist: I best think she will benefit from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, which entailsstripping away the negative connotations of emotions such as sadness and anxiety. (Dowd, Clen, Arnold2010)ReferencesFeldman, R. S. (2018). Understanding psychology (14th ed.). Dubuque: McGraw-Hill EducationDowd, E. T., Clen, S. L., & Arnold, K. D. (2010). The specialty practice of cognitive and behavioralpsychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 8 of 24” Reply &(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/129113) Mariechelle Tormis(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/129113)Monday” Reply &!Professor Owens and Class,As an intro for this class, we had to understand the different perspectives of psychology. To put these intopractice, we were challenged to address either neuroscience, humanistic, cognitive, psychodynamic, orbehavioral perspectives following Sara’s case. I decided to further detail the neuroscience and behavioralpsychological perspectives. According to Mr. McNabb (2020), the neuroscience approach explores thecorrelation between your mental state and brain, along with nerves and hormones (para. 3). It entails yournervous system and genetic makeup which affect your behavior. The behavioral psychologists specify thatyour external environment depicts your behavior.CaseNeuroscience Psychologist: It appears that Sara may be experiencing issues with depression and anxietydue to a hormonal imbalance.Behavioral Psychologist: While this could be true, it was not mentioned of psychological disorders beingheredity in her family, but the alignment of her parent’s divorce could be a reflecting image of her situation.Neuroscience Psychologist: That is very possible, but in addition, the pressure from work could be raisingher stress levels and causing her brain to release chemicals resulting in her psychological issues.Behavioral Psychologist: There could also be a connection between Sara’s past experience with herparent’s divorce being a learned behavior and her lonely memories during the time. As a young girl in middleschool, these traumatizing feelings may be contributing to her worries for her children and how they arecurrently coping with family problems.References:Feldman, R. S. (2018). Understanding psychology (14th ed.). Dubuque: McGraw-Hill Education.5 Major Perspectives in Psychology. (2020). http://mrmcnabb.weebly.com/5-major-perspectives-inpsychology.html(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/69954) Renee Owens (Instructor)12:08am!5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 9 of 24Edited by Renee Owens (https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/69954) on May 6 at 12:08am” Reply &Hi Mariechelle,Thank you for your great dialogue between the behavioral and neuroscience psychologists! In thisinstance, do you think that the behavioral psychologist and the psychodynamic psychologist could bein agreement with some aspects of how they would view Sara’s behavior?(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/140201) Kristin DiPasquale(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/140201)12:23pm” Reply &!Hi Mariechelle,I appreciate how your discussion added some background information on the different psychologistperspectives you used. I think it is important, especially in a class about psychology, to fully understandthe terms and ideas we discuss before we try and discuss them. Psychology is such a detailed andintricate field and the ideas and perspectives used in this course are going to aid us in growingknowledge. I think it was important to note in the behavioral psychologist perspective that not only washeredity not mentioned, but also how behaviors are associated with neurons. This would add to theoverall dialogue. Great job with this post.(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/134158) Maxwell Agu(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/134158)Monday!Hi EveryoneOn this very assignment, I choose psychodynamic and neuroscience psychological perspective, becausethey work together to create a dialogue between the neurosciences and psychoanalysis whereby generatingan accurate, large-scale model of the mind. From a neuroscientific standpoint, depression and generalizedanxiety disorder Sara was going through were driven by unconscious intention due to as result of specificneuron circuit in her brain that are mainly specialized to produce each behavior. However, psychologist focuswill be based on looking through the biological perspective whereby Sara extroverted behavior will beelaborated due to genetic makeup from her parent that will as well have effect on the gene of certainneurotransmitters in her brain triggered by the amount of stress and anxiety Sara was experiencing in herlife.Psychodynamic is such a psychologic perspective that focuses mainly on how the past may have affectedindividual psychological states and psychologist strongly believe that unconscious mind is what actually5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 10 of 24” Reply &control most of our cognitive and behavior which according to Freud’s psychoanalytical theory of personality ,the unconscious mind is a reserve of feeling , thoughts urges and memories that outside of our consciousawareness (Bargh and Morsella, 2008 ). Psychologist will use these perspective to evaluate Sara’sunconscious mind regards to her early child experience and how her past life may have affected herpsychological states, knowing that the psychological effect of divorce Sara encountered during when herparents’ divorced may have contributed her depression , anger, and a generalized anxiety disorder that alsomade her to even lack concentration at certain time. Psychologically, I believe that Sara’s problem today is asresult of an ongoing experience she encountered during her childhood which made her vulnerable to feel outof control of her life.ReferenceBargh, JA & Morsella, E. The unconscious mind. Perspect Psychol Sci.;3(1):73-79. doi: : 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00064.xFeldman, R. S. (2018). Understanding psychology (14th ed.). Dubuque: McGraw-Hill Education(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/149059) Deanna Santiago(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/149059)Monday” Reply &!After reviewing the case, I chose to focus on the cognitive and behavioral perspectives. Cognitiveperspective is the psychological view that focuses on how another thinks, their perception, and problemsolving. Behavioral perspective is the focus on behaviors both learned and unlearned.Cognitive Psychologist: It seems to me that Sara’s anxiety began long ago dealing with her parents divorceand never fully gaining control of her life.Behavioral Psychologist: Do you think that her divorce is causing a pattern of leftover anxiety/worries andfeelings of being lonely just like she felt during her parents divorce.Cognitive Psychologist: While that can be true, she now has many more things to add to her worries suchas her children, home, cat, and job. These added worries, she did not have during her parents divorce.Behavioral Psychologist: She never dealt with her worries when she was younger, carrying it with her forher whole life, and now cannot handle these extra worries on top of it all so she sees a connection from herparents divorce to her own.The behavioral psychologist explains the stem of Sara’s worries, anxiety, and depression goes back to herbeing younger. She had these emotions bottled up since her parents divorce, and her own divorce is bringingthese back up again. The cognitive psychologist is focusing on why Sara has these worries now.5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 11 of 24(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/149582) Regina Ebanks(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/149582)Monday!Hey everyone!*There are five major perspectives in psychology. According to Feldman, Robert (2019) the types ofperspectives are listed below:– NEUROSCIENCE ~ views behavior from the perspective of biological functioning.– COGNITIVE ~ examines how people understand and think about the world.– BEHAVIORAL ~ focuses on observable behavior.– HUMANISTIC ~ contends that people can control their behavior and that they try to reach their full potential.– PSYCHODYNAMIC ~ believes behavior is motivated by inner, unconscious forces over which a person haslittle control.Humanistic psychologist: Hey, thanks for joining me to discuss or mutual patient. It’s quite obvious that Sarais losing control over her life. She just needs to develop a life plan/ goal to regain control in her life.Cognitive psychologist: I concur but I believe we have to focus on why Sara got herself into that depressionstate of mind first. Why is she always worrying? Why can’t she live in the moment?Humanistic psychologist: She can’t stop worrying because she feels the need to be in control at all times.Cognitive psychologist: You’re right but why does she think she has to be in control all the time? Sara thinksher world is falling apart right now, especially because of her recent divorce which is probably enlighteningfeelings from her parents’ divorce. I believe Sara needs some time to herself to think about all aspects of herlife and reevaluate her situation.The perspectives that I chose are COGNITIVE and HUMANISTIC.5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 12 of 24” Reply &Reference:Feldman, R. S. (2019). Understanding psychology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.I think the humanistic psychologist was missing the “WHY” in the case scenario for Sara.(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/129318) Amanda Cafiero(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/129318)9:34am” Reply &!Regina,I like how you broke down each perspective before you wrote your dialogue. I have never taken apsychology class before so this really helped me understand each perspective easier.(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/145729) Amanda ChappellWalkwitz(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/145729)Yesterday!Hello professor and classmates,I’ve chosen to evaluate Sarah’s situation from a psychodynamic perspective and a Neuroscience perspective.When looking at the situation from a psychodynamic perspective, one needs to understand the way thatpeople internalize things and figure out what unconscious thought is causing the symptoms whereasneurological perspectives would look at the biology behind Sarah’s symptoms. (Feldman, 2019)Psychodynamic: It seems like Sarah internalized a lot of emotion from her parents divorce when she wasyounger, perhaps this is why she’s feeling out of control and anxious.5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 13 of 24” Reply &Neuroscience: Well Sarah is under a lot of stress, stress causes a release of hormones like epinephrine,norepinephrine and cortisol. (Mayo clinic staff, 2019) When these hormones are released they cause a spikein pulse rate, blood pressure and respiration and can really cause extreme exhaustion if one is dealing withthis barrage constantly. Medication to inhibit these hormones/neurotransmitters could really be beneficial.Psychodynamic: While the hormones/neurotransmitters are behind the way her body is responding to stress,fixing the biological issue won’t help Sarah move past what is causing the reaction. Ultimately I feel like Sarahis reliving the feelings of her parents divorce except not only does she feel out of control of her own life, shefeels out of control of her children’s lives. She’s ultimately responsible for their emotional well-being right nowand likely feels like she’s failing them by repeating the same cycle her parents did.Neuroscience: You may be right, but in order to bring all of this pain and hurt to the surface to work through it,medication would likely be beneficial. She has lots of emotions to work through along with discovering a newnormal for her family. Mediating some of the biological responses to stress in the meantime would decreasethe potential for a larger interruption in her life and really help her examine things through a more objectivestandpoint.Personally, I feel it’s beneficial to consider medication when working through serious emotional trauma intherapy. Not only will it make trudging through life a little easier, it helps people look at things without as muchemotional interference and makes things a little easier to work through. A person doesn’t necessarily need tobe medicated for life, especially if they don’t have a biological imbalance, but for a short time while theyprocess things in therapy can helpful.References:Feldman, R. (2019). Understanding psychology (14th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill education.Mayo clinic staff. (2019, March 19). Chronic stress puts your health at risk. Retrieved May 5, 2020, fromhttps://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress/art-20046037(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/129113) Mariechelle Tormis(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/129113)Yesterday” Reply &!Amanda,I applaud you for the amount of detail and effort you put into your discussion post. This past session, Icompleted the Anatomy and Physiology II course. We covered the Endocrine system and the hormoneswithin it. With the neuroscience perspective being involved with biological factors, I like how youmentioned the exact hormones that release from the brain that could be involved with Sara’s troubles.The dialogue between your psychodynamic and neuroscience physiologists are very much on point.Wonderful job on your first initial post this week!– Shelley Tormis5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 14 of 24(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/69954) Renee Owens (Instructor)Yesterday!*Please respond to initial discussion questions first, before answering the following*IntrospectionWilhelm Wundt founded the first formal psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879, the date nowconsidered to be the beginning of the science of psychology. A physician and physiologist, Wundtconducted experiments intended to identify the basic nature of human consciousness and experience. Hismain focus of research was on the senses of vision, touch, and the passage of time; other topics studied inhis laboratory included attention, emotion, and memory.The approach associated with Wundt is structuralism, which seeks to describe the basic building blocks or“structure” of consciousness. The main technique used by Wundt and his colleagues was introspection or“inner sense.” In this method, trained subjects are given a stimulus. They then are asked to describe thesensations that made up their conscious experience of that stimulus. In Wundt’s laboratory, you might beasked to reflect on your experience of this stimulus for several minutes or even several hours!*Excerpt from Feldman (2018)*Now you can try introspection yourself. Look at the stimulus below:What is your experience of this apple? How would you describe the sensations of each of the partsof the apple—its colors, its roundness, its shading?What are some of the criticisms of introspection?5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 15 of 24” Reply &ReferencesFeldman, R. S. (2018). Understanding psychology (14th ed.). Dubuque: McGraw-Hill Education.(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/145729) Amanda ChappellWalkwitz(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/145729)12:56pm” Reply &!Hello Dr. Owens,My experience of this apple are that it is fulfilling, juicy, smooth, enticing, cool, and refreshing. I feel thatthe apple represents prolonged life, prosperity and even fertility slightly? I feel like maybe it’s voluptuousshape and appearance in spring would represent new life to me.One of the criticisms of introspection is the fact that we can’t get past our inherent biases. (2016) Evenwhen we are aware of some biases, many are undetected in the subconscious mind. Everyone hasdifferent biases, so this makes introspection a very subjective experience and results in unreliableinferences.Reference:The Failures of Introspection. (2016, July 27). Retrieved May 6, 2020, fromThe Failures of Introspection(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/141373) Ganna Shvets(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/141373)Yesterday!Hello, professor Owens and classmates,I decided to go with the neuroscience and psychodynamic perspectives for my post this week. Theneuroscience perspective considers how our biological content influences our behavior. It examines theinfluence of our nerve cells and our inheritance of certain characteristics from our parents. It includesheredity, evolution, as well as behavioral neuroscience (Feldman, 2018, p. 15). The psychodynamicperspective, originated by Sigmund Freud, is a beginning and the end of psychology (Feldman, 2018, p. 16).This perspective views unconscious factors to be the determinants of a person’s behavior. The twoperspectives are similar in their position on the key psychological issues (Feldman, 2018, p. 20).The dialogue between psychodynamic and neuroscience psychologists:5/6/20, 1:55 PMPage 16 of 24” Reply &Psychodynamic psychologist: Sara is most likely influenced by her unconscious behaviors that nowmanifest in her present behaviors.Neuroscience psychologist: You are correct! I believe there are deeper issues than meets the eye. I wouldlove to look into the cellular level of the problem and see if we can find answers there.Psychodynamic psychologist: Sara had family problems during her middle school, and through high schoolyears, her parents eventually got divorced. I do believe such a lengthy chain of adverse family events had itsinfluence on her sense of self. It seems those events left a lasting footprint and perhaps the past situationwith her parents she could not escape from influences her perception of her present.Neuroscience psychologist: Agreed! Due to the brain’s neuroplasticity, Sara may have formed neuralpathways that promoted her unhealthy behaviors and reactions, which escalated into depressio
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