Discussion 1: ONE COPY Answer the following questions 1. Describe Prototyping. 2. Describe Agile Modeling. 3. Desc

15 Sep Discussion 1: ONE COPY Answer the following questions 1. Describe Prototyping. 2. Describe Agile Modeling. 3. Desc

Posted at 04:10h in Uncategorized by admin

Discussion 1: ONE COPY

Answer the following questions

1. Describe Prototyping.
2. Describe Agile Modeling.
3. Describe SCRUM.

400 words

apa

plagiarism

grammar

Discussion 2 : ONE COPY

Answer the following questions

4. Compare Agile Models versus Structured Methods.
5. Describe the Risks Inherent in Organization Innovation.
6. Describe Data Flow Diagrams.

apa

400 words.

plagiarism

grammar

KennethE.KendallJulieE.Kendall-SystemsAnalysisandDesignGlobalEd-Pearson20201.pdf

System s A

nalysis and D esign

K enneth E. K

endall Julie E. K

endall T

E N

T H

E D

IT IO

GLOBAL EDITION

This is a special edition of an established title widely used by colleges and universities throughout the world. Pearson published this exclusive edition for the benefit of students outside the United States and Canada. If you purchased this book within the United States or Canada, you should be aware that it has been imported without the approval of the Publisher or Author.

G L O

B A

L E

D IT

IO N

The tenth edition of Systems Analysis and Design presents the latest systems development methods, techniques, and tools in a clear, concise, and engag- ing manner. Designed to help the reader visually capture a system, the book demonstrates how meaningful information systems can be created through the creative application of concepts and rules.

The book also presents the following pedagogical features that enable stu- dents to apply key concepts to real-world situations:

• Consulting Opportunities are minicases that address and encourage in-depth discussions of significant and emerging topics in information systems.

• Stylized visual aids such as conceptual diagrams, computer displays, and paperforms are designed to aid students in understanding complex subject matter.

• HyperCase 2.10 is Web-based, interactive software that presents an original vir- tual organization in a colorful, three-dimensional graphics environment that allows students to immerse themselves in organizational life.

• HyperCase Experiences are challenging exercises in each chapter that help students solve difficult organizational problems such as the development of new systems, the merging of departments, the hiring of employees, security, ecommerce, and disaster recovery planning.

Kenneth E. Kendall • Julie E. Kendall

Systems Analysis and Design

TENTH EDITION

Kendall_10_1292281456_Final.indd 1 06/08/19 3:06 PM

1 SYSTEMS, ROLES, AND DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES 1.1 Healthy Hiring: Ecommerce Help Wanted 41

2 UNDERSTANDING AND MODELING ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS 2.1 The E in Vitamin E Stands for Ecommerce 59 2.2 Where There’s Carbon, There’s a Copy 78 2.3 Pyramid Power 79

3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 3.1 The Sweetest Sound I’ve Ever Sipped 88 3.2 Veni, Vidi, Vendi, or, “I Came, I Saw, I Sold” 100 3.3 We’re Off to See the Wizards 104 3.4 Food for Thought 109 3.5 Goal Tending 126

4 INFORMATION GATHERING: INTERACTIVE METHODS 4.1 Strengthening Your Question Types 146 4.2 Skimming the Surface 149 4.3 A Systems Analyst, I Presume? 155 4.4 The Unbearable Questionnaire 159 4.5 Order in the Courts 162

5 INFORMATION GATHERING: UNOBTRUSIVE METHODS 5.1 Trapping a Sample 174 5.2 A Rose by Any Other Name…Or Quality, Not Quantities 176

6 AGILE MODELING, PROTOTYPING, AND SCRUM 6.1 Is Prototyping King? 195 6.2 Clearing the Way for Customer Links 198 6.3 To Hatch a Fish 204 6.4 This Prototype Is All Wet 206

7 USING DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS 7.1 There’s No Business Like Flow Business 249

8 ANALYZING SYSTEMS USING DATA DICTIONARIES 8.1 Want to Make It Big in the Theatre? Improve Your Diction(ary)! 267

9 PROCESS SPECIFICATIONS AND STRUCTURED DECISIONS 9.1 Kit Chen Kaboodle, Inc. 280 9.2 Kneading Structure 284 9.3 Saving a Cent on Citron Car Rental 289 9.4 A Tree for Free 293

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITIES

Kendall_10_1292281456_ifc_Final.indd 1 31/07/19 4:02 PM

10 OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING UML 10.1 Around the World in 80 Objects 302 10.2 Recycling the Programming Environment 312 10.3 Developing a Fine System That Was Long Overdue: Using Object-Oriented Analysis

for the Ruminski Public Library System 332 10.4 C-Shore++ 335

11 DESIGNING EFFECTIVE OUTPUT 11.1 Your Cage or Mine? 344 11.2 A Right Way, a Wrong Way, and a Subway 346 11.3 Should This Chart Be Barred? 349 11.4 Is Your Work a Grind? 357 11.5 A Field Day 362

12 DESIGNING EFFECTIVE INPUT 12.1 This Form May Be Hazardous to Your Health 388 12.2 Squeezin’ Isn’t Pleasin’ 389

13 DESIGNING DATABASES 13.1 Hitch Your Cleaning Cart to a Star 410 13.2 Storing Minerals for Health, Data for Mining 436 13.3 Losing Prospects 438

14 HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION AND UX DESIGN 14.1 School Spirit Comes in Many Sizes 453 14.2 I’d Rather Do It Myself 454 14.3 Don’t Slow Me Down 455 14.4 Waiting to Be Fed 466 14.5 When You Run A Marathon, It Helps to Know Where You’re Going 470 14.6 Hey, Look Me Over (Reprise) 477

15 DESIGNING ACCURATE DATA ENTRY PROCEDURES 15.1 It’s a Wilderness in Here 492 15.2 Catching a Summer Code 494 15.3 To Enter or Not to Enter: That Is the Question 501

16 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND IMPLEMENTATION 16.1 The Quality of MIS Is Not Strained 516 16.2 Write Is Right 521 16.3 Cramming for Your Systems Test 525 16.4 You Can Lead a Fish to Water…But You Can’t Make It Drink 536 16.5 The Sweet Smell of Success 543 16.6 Mopping Up with the New System 546

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 1 06/08/19 4:36 PM

Introductory MIS

Database

Systems Analysis and Design

Decision Support Systems

Data Communications & Networking

Electronic Commerce

Enterprise Resource Planning

Project Management

OTHER MIS TITLES OF INTEREST

A00_KEND5554_10_SE_IFC.indd 1 07/12/17 3:30 pmA01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 2 06/08/19 4:36 PM

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

AND

DESIGN

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 3 06/08/19 4:36 PM

This page is intentionally left blank.

Kenneth E. Kendall RUTGERS UNIVERSITY

School of Business–Camden Camden, New Jersey

Julie E. Kendall RUTGERS UNIVERSITY

School of Business–Camden Camden, New Jersey

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

AND

DESIGN

T E N T H E D I T I O N G L O B A L E D I T I O N

Harlow, England • London • New York • Boston • San Francisco • Toronto • Sydney • Dubai • Singapore • Hong Kong Tokyo • Seoul • Taipei • New Delhi • Cape Town • Sao Paulo • Mexico City • Madrid • Amsterdam • Munich • Paris • Milan

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 5 06/08/19 4:36 PM

Vice President, IT & Careers: Andrew Gilfillan Senior Portfolio Manager: Samantha Lewis Managing Producer: Laura Burgess Associate Content Producer: Stephany Harrington Portfolio Management Assistant: Madeline Houpt Assistant Acquisitions Editor, Global Edition: Rosemary Iles Associate Project Editor, Global Edition: Aurko Mitra Content Producer, Global Edition: Sonam Arora Director of Product Marketing: Brad Parkins Product Marketing Manager: Heather Taylor Product Marketing Assistant: Jesika Bethea Field Marketing Manager: Molly Schmidt

Field Marketing Assistant: Kelli Fisher Cover Image: LIUSHENGFILM/Shutterstock Vice President, Product Model Management: Jason Fournier Senior Product Model Manager: Eric Hakanson Lead, Production and Digital Studio: Heather Darby Digital Studio Course Producer: Jaimie Noy Media Production Manager, Global Edition: Vikram Kumar Senior Manufacturing Controller, Global Edition: Kay Holman Program Monitor: Freddie Domini, SPi Global Full-Service Project Management: Cenveo® Publisher Services Cover Designer, Global Edition: Lumina Datamatics Inc.

Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text.

Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers make no representations about the suitability of the information contained in the documents and related graphics published as part of the services for any purpose. All such documents and related graphics are provided “as is” without warranty of any kind. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers hereby disclaim all warranties and conditions with regard to this information, including all warranties and conditions of merchantability, whether express, implied or statutory, fitness for a particular purpose, title and non-infringement. In no event shall Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information available from the services.

The documents and related graphics contained herein could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically added to the information herein. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described herein at any time. Partial screen shots may be viewed in full within the software version specified.

Microsoft® and Windows® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation.

Pearson Education Limited KAO Two KAO Park Hockham Way Harlow Essex CM17 9SR United Kingdom

and Associated Companies throughout the world

Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsonglobaleditions.com

The rights of Kenneth E. Kendall and Julie E. Kendall to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Systems Analysis and Design, 10th Edition, ISBN 978-0-13-478555-4, by Kenneth E. Kendall and Julie E. Kendall, published by Pearson Education © 2019.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.

All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners.

ISBN 10: 1-292-28145-6 ISBN 13: 978-1-292-28145-2

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Typeset by Cenveo® Publisher Services

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 6 06/08/19 4:36 PM

http://www.pearsonglobaleditions.com

http://www.pearsoned.com/permissions/

To the memory of Julia A. Kendall and Edward J. Kendall, whose lifelong example of working

together will inspire us forever.

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 7 06/08/19 4:36 PM

This page is intentionally left blank.

PART I SYSTEMS ANALYSIS FUNDAMENTALS 1 SYSTEMS, ROLES, AND DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES 39

2 UNDERSTANDING AND MODELING ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS 57

3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 86

PART II INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS 4 INFORMATION GATHERING: INTERACTIVE METHODS 141

5 INFORMATION GATHERING: UNOBTRUSIVE METHODS 170

6 AGILE MODELING, PROTOTYPING, AND SCRUM 193

PART III THE ANALYSIS PROCESS 7 USING DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS 225

8 ANALYZING SYSTEMS USING DATA DICTIONARIES 255

9 PROCESS SPECIFICATIONS AND STRUCTURED DECISIONS 279

10 OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING UML 299

PART IV THE ESSENTIALS OF DESIGN 11 DESIGNING EFFECTIVE OUTPUT 339

12 DESIGNING EFFECTIVE INPUT 381

13 DESIGNING DATABASES 409

14 HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION AND UX DESIGN 448

PART V QUALITY ASSURANCE AND IMPLEMENTATION 15 DESIGNING ACCURATE DATA ENTRY PROCEDURES 485

16 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND IMPLEMENTATION 512

GLOSSARY 553

ACRONYMS 561

INDEX 563

BRIEF CONTENTS

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 9 06/08/19 4:36 PM

This page is intentionally left blank.

PART I SYSTEMS ANALYSIS FUNDAMENTALS 39

1 SYSTEMS, ROLES, AND DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES 39

Need for Systems Analysis and Design 40

Roles of a Systems Analyst 40 Systems Analyst as Consultant 40

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 1.1 Healthy Hiring: Ecommerce Help Wanted 41 Systems Analyst as Supporting Expert 41 / Systems Analyst as Agent of Change 41 / Qualities of a Systems Analyst 42

The Systems Development Life Cycle 42 Identifying Problems, Opportunities, and Objectives 43 / Determining Human Information Requirements 43 / Analyzing System Needs 44

MAC APPEAL 44 Designing the Recommended System 45 / Developing and Documenting Software 45 / Testing and Maintaining the System 45 / Implementing and Evaluating the System 45 / The Impact of Maintenance 46 / Using CASE Tools 47

The Agile Approach 48 Exploration 49 / Planning 49 / Iterations to the First Release 50 / Productionizing 50 / Maintenance 50

Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design 50 Object-Oriented Similarities to SDLC 50

Choosing Which Systems Development Method to Use 52

Developing Open Source Software 53 Why Organizations Participate in Open Source Communities 53 / The Role of the Analyst in Open Source Software 53

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 1 54 SUMMARY 54 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES 55 REVIEW QUESTIONS 55 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 56

2 UNDERSTANDING AND MODELING ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS 57

Organizations as Systems 58 Interrelatedness and Interdependence of Systems 58

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 2.1 The E in Vitamin E Stands for Ecommerce 59 Virtual Organizations and Virtual Teams 59 / Taking a Systems Perspective 60 / Enterprise Systems: Viewing the Organization as a System 60

Depicting Systems Graphically 62 Systems and the Context-Level Data Flow Diagram 62 / Systems and the Entity-Relationship Model 63

CONTENTS

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 11 06/08/19 4:36 PM

12 C O N T E N T S

Use Case Modeling 68

MAC APPEAL 69 Use Case Symbols 70 / Use Case Relationships 70 / Developing System Scope 71 / Developing Use Case Diagrams 72 / Developing Use Case Scenarios 72 / Use Case Levels 72 / Creating Use Case Descriptions 76 / Why Use Case Diagrams Are Helpful 77

Levels of Management 77

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 2.2 Where There’s Carbon, There’s a Copy 78 Implications for Information Systems Development 78

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 2.3 Pyramid Power 79 Collaborative Design 79

Organizational Culture 80 Technology’s Impact on Culture 80

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 2 81 SUMMARY 82 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES 82 REVIEW QUESTIONS 82 PROBLEMS 83 GROUP PROJECTS 84 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 85

3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 86

Project Initiation 87 Problems in an Organization 87 / Defining the Problem 87

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 3.1 The Sweetest Sound I’ve Ever Sipped 88 Selection of Projects 91

Determining Feasibility 92 Determining Whether It Is Possible 92 / Estimating Workloads 93

Ascertaining Hardware and Software Needs 94 Inventorying Computer Hardware 94 / Evaluating Computer Hardware for Purchase 96 / Renting Time and Space in the Cloud 96 / Evaluation of Vendor Support for Computer Hardware 98 / Understanding the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Option 98 / Creating Custom Software 99

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 3.2 Veni, Vidi, Vendi, or, “I Came, I Saw, I Sold” 100 Purchasing COTS Software 100 / Using the Services of a SaaS Provider 101 / Evaluation of Vendor Support for Software and SaaS 102

Identifying, Forecasting, and Comparing Costs and Benefits 103 Forecasting 103 / Identifying Benefits and Costs 103

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 3.3 We’re Off to See the Wizards 104 Comparing Costs and Benefits 105

Managing Time and Activities 106 The Work Breakdown Structure 106 / Time Estimation Techniques 107

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 3.4 Food for Thought 109

Project Scheduling 109 Using Gantt Charts for Project Scheduling 110 / Using PERT Diagrams 111

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 12 06/08/19 4:36 PM

C O N T E N T S 13

Controlling a Project 114 Estimating Costs and Preparing the Budget 114

MAC APPEAL 115 Managing Risk 116 / Managing Time Using Expediting 117 / Controlling Costs Using Earned Value Management 119

Managing the Project Team 122 Assembling a Team 122 / Communication Strategies for Managing Teams 122

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 3.1 123 Setting Project Productivity Goals 124 / Motivating Project Team Members 124 / Managing Ecommerce Projects 124 / Creating a Project Charter 125

The Systems Proposal 125 What to Include in a Systems Proposal 125

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 3.5 Goal Tending 126 Using Figures for Effective Communication 127

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 3.2 130 SUMMARY 130 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES 132 REVIEW QUESTIONS 132 PROBLEMS 133 GROUP PROJECTS 138 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 138

PART II INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS 141

4 INFORMATION GATHERING: INTERACTIVE METHODS 141

Interviewing 142 Five Steps in Interview Preparation 142 / Question Types 143 / Arranging Questions in a Logical Sequence 145

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 4.1 Strengthening Your Question Types 146 Writing the Interview Report 148

Listening to Stories 148

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 4.2 Skimming the Surface 149 Stories Are Made Up of Elements 149 / Reasons for Telling Stories 151

Joint Application Design 151 Conditions That Support the Use of JAD 152 / Who Is Involved? 152 / Where to Hold JAD Meetings 152

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 4.1 153 Accomplishing a Structured Analysis of Project Activities 153 / Potential Benefits of Using JAD in Place of Traditional Interviewing 154 / Potential Drawbacks of Using JAD 154

Using Questionnaires 154

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 4.3 A Systems Analyst, I Presume? 155 Planning for the Use of Questionnaires 155 / Writing Questions 155

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 4.4 The Unbearable Questionnaire 159 Designing Questionnaires 160 / Administering Questionnaires 161

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 13 06/08/19 4:36 PM

14 C O N T E N T S

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 4.5 Order in the Courts 162

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 4.2 163 SUMMARY 163 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES 164 REVIEW QUESTIONS 165 PROBLEMS 165 GROUP PROJECTS 168 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 169

5 INFORMATION GATHERING: UNOBTRUSIVE METHODS 170

Sampling 171 The Need for Sampling 171 / Sampling Design 171 / The Sample Size Decision 173

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 5.1 Trapping a Sample 174

Analyzing Quantitative Documents 175 Systematically Examining Qualitative Documents 175

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 5.2 A Rose by Any Other Name . . . Or Quality, Not Quantities 176

Analyzing Qualitative Documents 179 Systematically Examining Qualitative Documents 179

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 5.1 180

Using Text Analytics 181

Observing a Decision Maker’s Behavior 182 Observing a Typical Manager’s Decision-Making Activities 183

Observing the Physical Environment 184 Structured Observation of the Environment (STROBE) 184

MAC APPEAL 186 Applying STROBE 186

SUMMARY 187

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 5.2 188 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES 189 REVIEW QUESTIONS 189 PROBLEMS 189 GROUP PROJECTS 191 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 191

6 AGILE MODELING, PROTOTYPING, AND SCRUM 193

Prototyping 194 Kinds of Prototypes 194

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 6.1 Is Prototyping King? 195 The Users’ Role in Prototyping 196

Agile Modeling 196 Values and Principles of Agile Modeling 196

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 6.2 Clearing the Way for Customer Links 198 Activities, Resources, and Practices of Agile Modeling 199 / The Agile Development Process 203

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 14 06/08/19 4:36 PM

C O N T E N T S 15

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 6.3 To Hatch a Fish 204

Scrum 205

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 6.4 This Prototype Is All Wet 206 Roles Played in Scrum 206 / The Product Backlog 207 / The Sprint Cycle 207 / Other Unique Scrum Features 208 / Kanban 210 / Scrum Advantages and Disadvantages 211

DevOps: A Cultural Shift for App Development 212

Comparing Agile Modeling and Structured Methods 213 Lessons Learned from Agile Modeling 213 / Improving Efficiency in Knowledge Work: SDLC versus Agile 214

MAC APPEAL 216 Risks Inherent in Organizational Innovation 218

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 6 220 SUMMARY 220 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES 221 REVIEW QUESTIONS 221 PROBLEMS 222 GROUP PROJECTS 223 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 224

PART III THE ANALYSIS PROCESS 225

7 USING DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS 225

The Data Flow Approach to Human Requirements Determination 226 Conventions Used in Data Flow Diagrams 226

Developing Data Flow Diagrams 227 Creating the Context Diagram 227 / Drawing Diagram 0 (The Next Level) 228 / Creating Child Diagrams (More Detailed Levels) 230 / Checking Diagrams for Errors 230

Logical and Physical Data Flow Diagrams 232 Developing Logical Data Flow Diagrams 235 / Developing Physical Data Flow Diagrams 236 / Partitioning Data Flow Diagrams 238

A Data Flow Diagram Example 240 Developing the List of Business Activities 241 / Creating a Context-Level Data Flow Diagram 241 / Drawing Diagram 0 241 / Creating a Child Diagram 242 / Creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram from the Logical DFD 242 / Partitioning the Physical DFD 244

Partitioning Websites 246

Communicating Using Data Flow Diagrams 247

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 7.1 There’s No Business Like Flow Business 249

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 7 250 SUMMARY 250 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES 251 REVIEW QUESTIONS 251 PROBLEMS 252 GROUP PROJECTS 253 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 254

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 15 06/08/19 4:36 PM

16 C O N T E N T S

8 ANALYZING SYSTEMS USING DATA DICTIONARIES 255

The Data Dictionary 256 Need for Understanding the Data Dictionary 256

The Data Repository 256 Defining the Data Flows 257 / Describing Data Structures 259 / Logical and Physical Data Structures 259 / Data Elements 261 / Data Stores 264

Creating a Data Dictionary 265 Analyzing Input and Output 265 / Developing Data Stores 266

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 8.1 Want to Make It Big in the Theatre? Improve Your Diction(ary)! 267

Using a Data Dictionary 268 Using Data Dictionaries to Create XML 270 / XML Document Type Definitions 272 / XML Schemas 273

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 8 274 SUMMARY 274 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES 275 REVIEW QUESTIONS 275 PROBLEMS 276 GROUP PROJECTS 278 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 278

9 PROCESS SPECIFICATIONS AND STRUCTURED DECISIONS 279

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 9.1 Kit Chen Kaboodle, Inc. 280

Overview of Process Specifications 280 Process Specification Format 281

Structured English 282 Writing Structured English 282

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 9.2 Kneading Structure 284 Data Dictionary and Process Specifications 285

Decision Tables 286 Developing Decision Tables 288

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 9.3 Saving a Cent on Citron Car Rental 289 Checking for Completeness and Accuracy 290

Decision Trees 292 Drawing Decision Trees 292

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 9.4 A Tree for Free 293

Choosing a Structured Decision Analysis Technique 294

SUMMARY 294

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 9 295 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES 295 REVIEW QUESTIONS 295 PROBLEMS 295 GROUP PROJECTS 297 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 298

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 16 06/08/19 4:36 PM

C O N T E N T S 17

10 OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING UML 299

Object-Oriented Concepts 300 Objects 300 / Classes 300 / Inheritance 301

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 10.1 Around the World in 80 Objects 302

CRC Cards and Object Think 302 Interacting During a CRC Session 304

Unified Modeling Language (UML) Concepts and Diagrams 304

Use Case Modeling 307

Activity Diagrams 309 Creating Activity Diagrams 311

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 10.2 Recycling the Programming Environment 312 Repository Entries for an Activity Diagram 312

Sequence and Communication Diagrams 313 Sequence Diagrams 313 / Communication Diagrams 315

Class Diagrams 316 Method Overloading 317 / Types of Classes 317 / Defining Messages and Methods 318

Enhancing Sequence Diagrams 318 A Class Example for the Web 319 / Presentation, Business, and Persistence Layers in Sequence Diagrams 321

Enhancing Class Diagrams 321 Relationships 322 / Generalization/Specialization (Gen/Spec) Diagrams 325

Statechart Diagrams 328 A State Transition Example 329

Packages and Other UML Artifacts 330

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 10.3 Developing a Fine System That Was Long Overdue: Using Object-Oriented Analysis for the Ruminski Public Library System 332

Putting UML to Work 332

The Importance of Using UML for Modeling 334

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 10.4 C-Shore++ 335 SUMMARY 335

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 10 336 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES 336 REVIEW QUESTIONS 337 PROBLEMS 337 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 338

PART IV THE ESSENTIALS OF DESIGN 339

11 DESIGNING EFFECTIVE OUTPUT 339

Output Design Objectives 340 Designing Output to Serve the Intended Purpose 340 / Designing Output to Fit the User 340 / Delivering the Appropriate Quantity of Output 340 / Making Sure the Output Is Where It Is Needed 340 / Providing Output on Time 340 / Choosing the Right Output Method 341

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 17 06/08/19 4:36 PM

18 C O N T E N T S

Relating Output Content to Output Method 341 Output Technologies 341 / Factors to Consider When Choosing Output Technology 341

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 11.1 Your Cage or Mine? 344

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 11.2 A Right Way, a Wrong Way, and a Subway 346

Realizing How Output Bias Affects Users 347 Recognizing Bias in the Way Output Is Used 347 / Avoiding Bias in the Design of Output 348

Designing Printed Output 348

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 11.3 Should This Chart Be Barred? 349

Designing Output for Displays 350 Guidelines for Display Design 350 / Using Graphical Output in Screen Design 351 / Dashboards 351 / Infographics 353

Designing a Website 354 Responsive Web Design 355 / Flat Web Design 355 / General Guidelines for Designing Websites 356

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 11.4 Is Your Work a Grind? 357 Specific Guidelines for Website Design 358

MAC APPEAL 360

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 11.5 A Field Day 362

Web 2.0 Technologies 362

Social Media Design 363 Guidelines for Social Media Design 364

Designing Apps for Smartphones and Tablets 365 Set Up a Developer Account 366 / Choose a Development Process 366 / Be an Original 366 / Determine How You Will Price the App 366 / Follow the Rules 367 / Design Your Icon 367 / Choose an Appropriate Name for the App 367 / Design for a Variety of Devices 367 / Design the Output for the App 368 / Design the Output a Second Time for a Different Orientation 369 / Share a Prototype of Your Work 369 / Design the App’s Logic 369 / Design Movement 370 / Create the User Interface Using Gestures 370 / Protect Your Intellectual Property 370 / Market Your App 371

Output Production and XML 371 Ajax 373

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 11 374 SUMMARY 374 KEYWORDS AND PHRASES 375 REVIEW QUESTIONS 375 PROBLEMS 376 GROUP PROJECTS 379 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 380

12 DESIGNING EFFECTIVE INPUT 381

Good Form Design 382 Making Forms Easy to Fill In 382 / Meeting the Intended Purpose 385 / Ensuring Accurate Completion 385 / Keeping Forms Attractive 385 / Controlling Business Forms 385

A01_KEND1452_10_GE_FM.indd 18 06/08/19 4:36 PM

C O N T E N T S 19

Good Display and Web Forms Design 386 Keeping the Display Simple 386 / Keeping the Display Consistent 387 / Facilitating Movement 387 / Designing an Attractive and Pleasing Display 387 / Using Icons in Display Design 387

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 12.1 This Form May Be Hazardous to Your Health 388

CONSULTING OPPORTUNITY 12.2 Squeezin’ Isn’t Pleasin’ 389 Graphical User Interface Design 389 / Form Controls and Values 392 / Hidden Fields 392 / Event-Response Charts 393 / Dynamic Web Pages 395 / Three-Dimensional Web Pages 395 / Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) 397

MAC APPEAL 399 Using Color in Display Design 399

Website Design 400 SUMMARY 402

HYPERCASE EXPERIENCE 1

Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Ask A Question and we will direct you to our Order Page at WriteDemy. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.

Fill in all the assignment paper details that are required in the order form with the standard information being the page count, deadline, academic level and type of paper. It is advisable to have this information at hand so that you can quickly fill in the necessary information needed in the form for the essay writer to be immediately assigned to your writing project. Make payment for the custom essay order to enable us to assign a suitable writer to your order. Payments are made through Paypal on a secured billing page. Finally, sit back and relax.

Do you need an answer to this or any other questions?

About Wridemy

We are a professional paper writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework. We offer HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE Papers.

How It Works

To make an Order you only need to click on “Order Now” and we will direct you to our Order Page. Fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.

Are there Discounts?

All new clients are eligible for 20% off in their first Order. Our payment method is safe and secure.

15 Sep Discussion 1: ONE COPY Answer the following questions 1. Describe Prototyping. 2. Describe Agile Modeling. 3. Desc

About Wridemy

We are a professional paper writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework. We offer HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE Papers.

How It Works

Are there Discounts?

Hire a tutor today CLICK HERE to make your first order

Related Tags

About us

Quick help

Subjects covered