04 Jan Bipolar Disorder and Anticonvulsant/Mood-Stabilizing Medications response to colleaques

SOCIAL WORK

SOCW 6443 –Psychopharmacology and Bio-psychosocial Considerations for Social Workers

Discussion 1: Bipolar Disorder and Anticonvulsant/Mood-Stabilizing Medications response to colleaques

Mental health professionals are aware of tendencies and respond to behaviors such as impulsivity in order to create treatment plans that are intended to prevent or ameliorate symptoms before lasting consequences occur. Although mental health professionals should follow established protocols by attempting to have clients act on their own behalf, they should also understand that at any time they might need to intervene to support and assist these clients.

Select one of the following disorders treated with anticonvulsant/mood-stabilizing medications:

• Schizoaffective disorder

• Bipolar I disorder

• Bipolar II disorder

For this Discussion, review the Learning Resources and create a hypothetical case study of a client with the selected disorder. Include the client’s age, gender, major presenting factors (including losses and symptom manifestation), when symptoms emerged, and any other pertinent information. Consider possible medicinal treatments that a psychiatrist might prescribe for the hypothetical client and the role of the mental health professional in these treatment cases. Be creative in your description but also be as realistic as possible. Access the DSM-5 and other texts to construct the background story for your hypothetical client’s presentation.

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By Day 7 (Note!!! PLEASE WRITE OUT EACH QUESTION BEFORE PROVIDING A RESPONSE. Follow the prompt please.!!! “Please I need an excellent paper”

Read a selection of your colleagues’ postings. See colleaques posting below .

Respond to at least one of your colleagues’ posts. Identify what anticonvulsant/mood-stabilizing medication (other than lithium) a psychiatrist may prescribe. Explain why the medication would be effective. Explain how you might advocate for the medication knowing specific side effects and adherence to your professional code of ethics.

 

Be sure to support your responses with specific references to the to the Learning resources. If you are using additional articles, be sure to provide full APA-formatted citations for your references both within the text and on the referencing section. PLEASE ALWAYS INCLUDE THE REQIRED TEXTBOOK as part of the references and if possible some of the REQUIRED READING if applicable. Please always start by referring to THE TEXTBOOK, below

REQUIRED TEXTBOOK

Psychopharmacology Demystified 2011

Author: Lichtblau, Leonard

ISBN-13:

ISBN-10:

Edition/Copyright: 2011

Publisher: Cengage Learning

 

REQUIRED

Handbook of Clinical Psychopharmacology for Therapists 8TH 17

Author: Preston, John D.

ISBN-13: 978-1-62625-927-0

ISBN-10: 1-62625-927-5

Edition/Copyright: 8TH 17

Publisher: New Harbinger Pub.(cc)

 

Learning Resources

 

Required Readings

 

Lichtblau, L. (2011). Psychopharmacology demystified. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning.

• Chapter 3, “Pharmacotherapy of Bipolar Disorder” (pp. 37–47)

Preston, J. D., O’Neal, J. H., & Talaga, M. C. (2017). Handbook of clinical psychopharmacology for therapists (8th ed.). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.

• Chapter 8, “Bipolar Disorders” (pp. 95-106)

• Chapter 17, “Bipolar Medications” (pp. 201-216)

 

American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association, 2013.

 

Use the DSM-5 to guide you through your understanding of the diagnostic criteria for mental disorders.

 

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Highlights of changes from DSM IV-TR to DSM-5. Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/changes%20from%20dsm-iv-tr%20to%20dsm-5.pdf

 

As you review this document, consider the changes to depression disorders, specifically bipolar disorder. Focus on the diagnostic criteria presented.

 

National Institute of Mental Health. (2015). Bipolar disorder. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml

 

Optional Resources

 

MSW home page

 

Use this link to access the MSW home page, which provides resources for your social work program.

 

 

Charmel Hill

RE: Discussion 1 – Week 4

COLLAPSE

Hypothetical Client Case Study

Brittany is a 21-year-old African American freshman college student, living on campus, and is experiencing cognitive and behavioral changes. When Brittany was in middle school, she started to experience mood swings, irritability, staying up long hours at night, decreased food intake, racing thoughts, taking on a lot of tasks at once, and having feelings of worthlessness. Brittany did start experimenting with drugs such as marijuana and drinking alcohol to self-medicate. She also had problems in school, not fitting in with fellow classmates, and having violent altercations. Brittany’s parents brought her to seek mental health treatment at her primary care doctor, in which she was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and depression. She was prescribed Lexapro that help some with her symptoms but not all. After a couple of weeks, Brittany stopped taking the medication and tried to deal with her symptoms on her on. In high school, Brittany was hospitalized for suicidal ideation, and upon discharge she was prescribed Seroquel and diagnosed with Bipolar 1 Disorder. Brittany stated the medication helped with her symptoms and was functioning well on the medication. However, she stopped taking the medication after a few months due to feeling better. Now, since she had started college, she has added stress, previous symptoms are reoccurring, her social and academic life is suffering.

Diagnosis According to the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (APA, 2013):

296.52 (F31.32) Bipolar 1 – Major Depressive Episode, Moderate

Brittany meets the criteria for Bipolar 1 major depressive disorder according to

A: depressed mood, insomnia, feelings of worthlessness, suicidal thoughts, irritability, and weight loss.

B. Presenting symptoms has caused clinically significant distress, impairment in social, and daily life functioning.

C. diagnosis is not attributed to substance abuse or other medical conditions.

Treatment

Treatment medications consist of Lithium and Seroquel (Quetiapine); both medications can be taken together to help treat Brittany’s Bipolar disorder for long-term treatment. Lithium is a mood stabilizer approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder (NAMI, 2021). It inhibits excitatory neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate, and promotes GABA-mediated neurotransmission (Guzman, n.d.). Lithium dosage form comes in tablet, extended release, and liquid. Common side effects are headache, dizziness, drowsiness, hair loss, dry mouth, tremors, and acne-like rash (NAMI, 2021). Rare adverse effects include lithium toxicity (severe nausea/vomiting), confusion, vision changes, unsteadiness while walking or standing, and deVere hand tremors. Seroquel is a second-generation antipsychotic and rebalances dopamine and serotonin to improve thinking, mood, and behavior (NAMI, 2020). Seroquel dosage form comes in tablet and extended-release form. Common side effects are increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, drowsiness, headache, agitation, dizziness, fatigue, extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, cholesterol abnormalities, increased glucose, dry mouth, increased appetite, constipation (NAMI, 2020). Rare adverse effects include increased prolactin hormone levels which can cause lose of menstrual cycles in females, production of breast milk, lose of sex drive, erectile problems, tremors, and restlessness to name a few (NAMI, 2020).

Both medications should not be abruptly stopped because it can cause severe depressive symptoms including suicidal thoughts. Patients should be informed it will take a few weeks before they notice changes in their mood, continue taking the medications as prescribed and at the same time daily.

Clinical social workers can implement other treatment options such as CBT to help their clients effectively deal with their negative thoughts and behavior. Social workers should also educate and include their clients on the treatment plan. Reviewing their diagnosis, medication options, side effects of each, importance of compliance, warning signs to look out for, and CBT activities. CBT activities for bipolar includes helping the client accept their diagnosis (signs, symptoms, causes, and disorder course), monitoring their mood (journaling, rating their mood, becoming aware of mood triggers and changes), cognitive restructuring (focusing on and changing negative thoughts/mood), problem-solving (identifying a problem, generate solution, initiate the solution, and evaluate the outcome), enhancing social skills, and establishing a routine (Wheeler, 2015). Also, social workers should support their patients even if they disagree with their perspective of treatment. This is when properly educating their patient, thoroughly going over their questions and concerns, and inviting them to actively participate in their treatment. However, if the patient is actively disagreeing with the social worker, the social worker will need to obtain consent from the patient to consult with another social worker or professional if necessary (Walsh, 1989).

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th

ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Guzman, F. (n.d.). Lithium’s mechanism of action: AN illustrated review. Psychopharmacology Institute.

https://psychopharmacologyinstitute.com/publication/lithiums-mechanism-of-action-an-illustrated-review-2212

NAMI. (2021). Lithium.

https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Mental-Health- Medications/Types-of-Medication/Lithium

NAMI. (2020). Quetiapine (Seroquel).

https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Mental-Health-Medications/Types-of-Medication/Quetiapine-(Seroquel)

Wheeler, R. (2015). 6 cognitive behavioral therapy techniques for bipolar disorder. Everyday Health.

https://www.everydayhealth.com/hs/living-well-bipolar-disorder/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-techniques/

Walsh, J. (1989). Treatment of the Bipolar Client: Clinical Social Work Contributions. Clinical Social

Work Journal, 17(4), 367–381. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1007/BF00756562

 

 

 

 

Jufferson Joseph

RE: Discussion 1 – Week 4

COLLAPSE

The disorder selected for this hypothetical case study is Bipolar II disorder. Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder that can be chronic or episodic (occurring only occasionally and at irregular intervals). It can cause unusual, often extreme, and rapidly changing mood, energy, activity, and ability to focus or focus modifications. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depressive disorder or manic depression, both of which are older terms. The patient is Ron who is a 35-year-old African American male. He is the lead at his data science job. Ron can sometimes become confident to the point that it is exaggerated. During conversations with other workers, he goes from one idea to the next during meetings. Recently during a holiday party, he seemed to be the life of the party. There was concern for him due to the high energy and with hyperactivity that made all the other employees feel uncomfortable. A possible medical treatment for Ron would be Lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid): This simple metal in pill form is extremely successful in managing mood swings (especially highs) in bipolar disorder. Lithium has been used to treat bipolar disorder for over 60 years. Lithium can take weeks to fully activate, making it preferable for long-term treatment rather than acute hypomanic episodes.

REFEREENCE:

Hoffman, M. (2020, April 14). Bipolar II disorder: Symptoms, treatments, causes, and more. WebMD. Retrieved December 21, 2021, from https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/bipolar-2-disorder