08 May Alterations in Health Diagnosis Partial or complete collapse of the lings Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem Airways inflammation edema

STUDENT NAME

DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESS ATELECTASIS

REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER 05

( ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: System Disorder )

( Alterations in Health (Diagnosis) Partial or complete collapse of the lings ) ( Pathophysiology Related to Client Problem Airways inflammatio n + edema cause alveolar collapse; alveoli beco me deflated or filed with alveolar fluid ) ( Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Smoking and breathing exercise and muscle training to lower atelectasis )

( ASSESSMENT )

( – If pt is on bed rest, change position often to promote lungs e xpansion. Also help prevent pressure injurues -deep breathing exercise to up lung function -if pt is on postural drainage, person’s head should be below heart level to allow draining of fluid in the lungs Complications SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS )

( Expected Findings ) ( Risk Factors )

( -Rapid and shallow breathing -wheezing/gasping for air -irritability, re stleness )

( -chronic respiratory illness -age -client smoking habit -build-up of mucus in the airway -recent general ane sthesia )

( Laboratory Tests ) ( Diagnostic Procedures )

( – Bronchoscopy to visualize the blockage -CT scan to detect cause +type of atelectasis – Oximerty to measure blood O2 -Ultrasound of thorax to distinguish b/w et electasiis and lung hardening ) ( -ABGs for oxygenation status -Sputum culture for type of mucus build-up )

( -Hypoxemia – difficult for gas exchange to occur – Pnuemonia -the mucus from collapsed lung can cause an infection – Respiratory failure-LIFE THREATENING! -Fluid build-up )

( -educate about importance of deep breathing exercise -Teach how to do incentive spirometry -Drinking fluids as directed to loose the mucus ) ( -Bronchodilator to relax muscles in lung +widen the airways – Broad-spectrum antibiotics if an infection is present ) ( -monitor breathing sounds for snoring or strider -encourage coughing deep breathing and use of incentive spirometer -monitor blood oxygen level )

( -respiratory therapists to provide chest physio and if intubation is required notify the surgeon and anesthesiologist to obtain prescription for meds ) ( -Raise head of bed to semi- fowler’s position to promote lung expansion -head tilt/chin lift maneuver to open airway )

( Interprofessional Care Therapeutic Procedures Client Education Medications Nursing Care PATIENT-CENTERED CARE )ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES

References

Peroni, D. G., & Boner, A. L. (2000). Atelectasis: mechanisms, diagnosis and management. Paediatric respiratory reviews, 1(3), 274-278.

Rothen, H. U., Sporre, B., Engberg, G., Wegenius, G., Reber, A., & Hedenstierna, G. (1995). Prevention of atelectasis during general anaesthesia. The Lancet, 345(8962), 1387-1391.

Marini, J. J. (2019). Acute lobar atelectasis. Chest, 155(5), 1049-1058.