29 Aug This includes an Excel spreadsheet that performs specific calculations. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, IIHSLinks to an external site., states on their site that ‘Providi
Part 1: This includes an Excel spreadsheet that performs specific calculations.
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, IIHSLinks to an external site., states on their site that "Providing adequate yellow signal time is important and can reduce crashes. Studies have shown that increasing yellow timing to values associated with guidelines published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers can significantly decrease the frequency of red light violations and reduce the risk of total crashes, injury crashes and right-angle crashes (Bonneson & Zimmerman, 2004Links to an external site.; Retting & Greene, 1997Links to an external site.; Van Der Horst, 1988Links to an external site.; McGee et al., 2012Links to an external site.)._
You will design an Excel spreadsheet that calculates the allowable yellow light interval before changing to red and the red clearance interval based on the Virginia Beach Signal Timing Information. Links to an external site.
The equations that you will implement in your Excel spreadsheet calculator are available on slide 5 of the Signal Timing information.
Your Excel Spreadsheet should show the following:
- Posted Speed Limit
- Adjusted Speed limit
- Intersection width
- Vehicle Length
- Yellow Change Interval
- Red Clearance Interval
- Total interval to come to a stop
You will create charts showing the change in the Yellow change interval, Red clearance Interval, and the total Change time for each posted speed used. You will discuss in Part 2 of your project your conclusion based on those results.
You can investigate in your Excel spreadsheet with different reaction times, deceleration rates, and vehicle length.
Part 2: This includes the development of a PowerPoint presentation showcasing the project enhancement as well as the Excel spreadsheet you designed.
You will design a PowerPoint presentation that details the added functionality of the traffic light system you designed as well as the results of your Excel spreadsheet calculations and comparison charts completed. This portion of the course project is worth 30% of the total project grade.
PowerPoint Presentation Requirements
- No more than five (5) slides.
- Must have a title slide.
- Must have transitions of your choice between slides.
- Must include an animation of bulleted points.
Signal Timing Information
Many who oppose the use of red light enforcement cameras often argue that signal timing is incorrectly calculated at the enforced intersection. This presentation provides the public with information on signal timing for all of the Virginia Beach red light
h t f d i t ti h VDOT M TE 306 1 id id fphoto enforced intersection approaches. VDOT Memo TE-306.1 provides guidance for the calculation of signal timing at photo enforced intersections in the state of Virginia.
What does VA law state about the amber, red, and green signals? (VA 46.2-833 / 46.2-835)
46.2-833 Green indicates the traffic shall move in the direction of the signal and remain in motion as long as the green signal is given, except that such traffic shall yield to other vehicles and pedestrians lawfully within the
46.2-833 Steady amber indicates that a change is about to be made in the direction of the moving of traffic When the amber signal is shown traffic
intersection.
direction of the moving of traffic. When the amber signal is shown, traffic which has not already entered the intersection, including the crosswalks, shall stop if it is not reasonably safe to continue, but traffic which has already entered the intersection shall continue to move until the intersection has been cleared. The amber signal is a warning that the steady red signal is imminent.
46.2-833 Steady red indicates that moving traffic shall stop and remain stopped as long as the red signal is shown, except in the direction indicated by a lighted green arrow. Flashing red indicates that traffic shall stop before entering an intersection.
46.2-835 Right Turn on Red…except where signs are placed prohibiting turns on steady red, vehicular traffic facing a steady red signal, after coming to a full stop, may cautiously enter the intersection and make a right turn. Such p, y y g turning traffic shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians lawfully within an adjacent crosswalk and to other traffic using the intersection.
F tl A k d Q ti Wh t d th Y ll d R d i l t d i ?
h i f h ll i l id d i i h i h
Frequently Asked Question: What does the Yellow and Red signals mean to drivers?
The presentation of the yellow signal provides drivers with a warning that a change in intersection right of way is about to occur. When properly calculated, the length of the yellow signal will provide drivers with an adequate
t f ti d di t t b i th i hi l f l t t b f thamount of time and distance to bring their vehicle safely to a stop before the signal changes to red. When the yellow is shown, traffic which has not already entered the intersection should slow to a stop in anticipation of the red signal.
The presentation of the red signal directs drivers to stop. RED MEANS STOP!
The red clearance interval or “all red” is a period in which all approaches are red at the same time. The red clearance period is an important crash prevention countermeasure because it provides for the safe exit of vehicles that enter thecountermeasure because it provides for the safe exit of vehicles that enter the intersection as (or shortly after) the signal turns red. The red clearance period is completed before the opposing or conflicting traffic gets a green signal.
§ 15.2-968.1 Use of photo-monitoring systems to enforce traffic light signals
K Before the implementation of a traffic light signal violation monitoring system at an
Virginia Law on the Calculation of Traffic Signal Timing at Photo Enforced Intersections
K. Before the implementation of a traffic light signal violation monitoring system at an Intersection that addresses signal timing and other, the locality shall complete an engineering safety analysis location-specific safety features.
The length of the yellow phase shall be established based on the recommended methodology of the Institute ofThe length of the yellow phase shall be established based on the recommended methodology of the Institute of Transportation Engineers. Please visit the VDOT web site to obtain a copy of the TE-306.1.
All traffic light signal violation monitoring systems shall provide a minimum 0.5-second grace period between the time the signal turns red and the time the first violation is recordedtime the signal turns red and the time the first violation is recorded.
Virginia Law on the use of Violation Monitoring System Signs
M. Any locality that uses a traffic light signal violation monitoring system to enforce traffic light signals shall place conspicuous signs within 500 feet of the intersection approach at which a traffic light signal violation monitoring system is used. There shall be a rebuttable presumption that such signs were in place at the time of theshall be a rebuttable presumption that such signs were in place at the time of the commission of the traffic light signal violation.
Note: Additional signs have been placed at the enforced right turn stop bars.
Signal timing calculations at Virginia Beach intersections are in accordance with guidelines provided by the Virginia Department of Transportation. VDOT Memorandum TE-306.1 dated January 7, 2013 provides that yellow and red clearance intervals be calculated using equations A and B below.
Note: Signal timing at the Virginia Beach photo enforced intersections was implemented using the VDOT guidelines at 5 pm on January 10, 2013.
Yellow timing calculations are provided for review on the next slide. V= posted speed limit +7.
Virginia Beach all red clearance interval timing is an engineering countermeasure and an important crashengineering countermeasure and an important crash reduction strategy. The existing Red Clearance Intervals are based on engineering judgment using intersection data and driver behavior.
Signal Timing Calculation for the Yellow Interval
There are three posted speed limits associated with the enforcement of Virginia Beach intersections
They are: 35 mph +7 = 42 mph
intersections.
35 mph +7 42 mph 45 mph +7 = 52 mph 50 mph +7 = 57 mph
N t VDOT TE 306 1
All approaches have a flat
Note: VDOT TE-306.1 V= Speed Limit +7
All approaches have a flat grade which = 0 in the calculation formula.
The standard perception reaction time for this calculation is 1.0 as determined by Virginia Beach and VDOT Traffic Engineers.VDOT Traffic Engineers.
This chart contains approved signal timing for Virginia Beach’s
20 monitored intersection approaches
Posted Speed Limit
Adjusted Speed
Limit * Grade Width of
Intersection
Yellow Interval All Red Interval Existing * Adjusted
Calculated Existing * Adjusted
Calculated Baxter Rd (East) at Independence Blvd
45
52
level
184 ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
1.7
Bonney Rd (West) at Independence Blvd
35
42
level
173 ft
4.1
4.08
3.0
2.13
Dam Neck Road (East) at General Booth Blvd
45
52
level
135 ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
1.03
General Booth Blvd (South) at Dam Neck Rd
45
52
level
166 ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
1.44
Great Neck Rd (South) at Virginia Beach Blvd
45
52
level
165 ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
1.43
Holland Road (East) at Rosemont Rd
45
52
level
102 ft
4.8
4.81
2.3
.60
Holland Road (West) at Rosemont Rd
45
52
level
124 ft
4.8
4.81
2.3
.89
Independence Blvd (North) at Bonney Rd
45
52
level
122 ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
.86
Independence Blvd (North) at Virginia Beach Blvd
45
52
level
174 ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
1.54
Indian River Rd (West) at Kempsville Rd
45
52
level
150 ft
4.8
4.81
2.9
1.23
Indian River Rd (West) at Military Highway
45
52
level
145 ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
1.16
Kempsville Rd (North) at Indian River Rd
45
52
level
140 ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
1.10
London Bridge Rd (North) at Dam Neck Rd
45
52
level
190 ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
1.75
Lynnhaven Pkwy (South) at International Pkwy
45
52
level
91 ft
4.8
4.81
2.1
.46
Military Highway (South) at Indian River Rd
45
52
level
183 ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
1.66
North Hampton Blvd (S/W) at Diamond Springs Rd
45
52
level
133 ft
4.8
4.81
2.8
1.01
Princess Anne Rd (South) at Dam Neck Rd
50
57
level
154 ft
5.2
5.18
3.0
1.08
Princess Anne Rd (North) at Lynnhaven Pkwy
50
57
level
157 ft
5.2
5.18
2.5
1.12
Virginia Beach Blvd (East) at Great Neck Rd
45
52
level
145 ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
1.16
Virginia Beach Blvd (West) at Independence Blvd
45
52
level
176ft
4.8
4.81
3.0
1.57
*Reference VDOT Traffic Engineering Division Memorandum TE-306.1 dated January 7, 2013
The chart below provides 3 years of Virginia Beach red light running data. It is represents the number of violations occurring up to 3 seconds after the light was red.
6000
4000
5000
Virginia Beach all red clearance timing provides for the safe exit of vehicles that are traveling at the posted speed limits.
3000
Note: The majority of left turn and straight through violations occur within the first 2 seconds of red.
2000
1000 2010
2011
2012
0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0
Virginia Beach Signal Timing Coordination Project
According to the Federal Highway Administration, the solution to the red light running problem involves a g g y g g p combination of engineering, education, and enforcement measures. Interconnected signal systems provide coordination between adjacent signals and are proven to reduce stops, reduce delays, decrease accidents, increase average travel speeds, and decrease emissions. If drivers are given the best signal coordination practical, they may not be as compelled to beat or run a red signal.
O Cit ’ i l di ti j t i p g
Our City’s signal coordination project is reflected on this map along with the location of our photo enforcement cameras.
All signal heads used at photoAll signal heads used at photo enforced intersections are LED.
LED units are used for three reasons:reasons: (1) they are energy efficient (2) they are brighter than
incandescent bulbs (3) have a longer service life(3) have a longer service life
All signal heads are 12 inches in diameter and have back plates to improve signal visibility.
Signal ahead signs are used at all photo enforced locations.enforced locations.
RED Means Stop
PHOTO Safe Virginia Beach
RED Means Stop
Still have Questions?
One of the main goals of the PHOTOSafe program is public education and awareness.
Still have Questions?
g f p g p The information provided in this document is based on the inquiry of citizens who have requested information specific to the City of Virginia Beach automated enforcement program’s signal timing calculations. Always remember, RED MEANS STOP!
Please email any questions on signal timing to [email protected] The PHOTOSafe program coordinator, traffic engineer, or the supervisor of traffic signal operations will address any concerns with the Virginia Beach signal timing calculationsoperations will address any concerns with the Virginia Beach signal timing calculations.
- VB Signal Timing
- Signal Timing
- VB Signal Timings.pdf
- 3 year data.pdf
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