31 Oct Do you identify more with Kant’s deontology or Bentham’s Utilitarianism from Chapter 5? ?Is intention more important than c
Choose either Option 1 or 2 for your Initial Posting.
Option 1. Do you identify more with Kant's deontology or Bentham's Utilitarianism from Chapter 5? Is intention more important than consequences? Give an example of a difficult decision you made that you feel was the morally right decision. Was your decision based on intention, on consequences, or on a combination of both?
Option 2. Refer to Box 6.3 on page 254 in your textbook. Consider the idea that rationality creates good decisions. Identify a decision you made that could have used more reason (logic) to arrive at a good or moral decision or identify a decision that you made rationally that could have used more emotion.
Directions: Your initial post should be a minimum of 250 words and should adequately answer the following asked.
Deontology—theory of moral duty Absolutist/hard universalist theory Normative theory
Principle of doing the right thing; having
good will What we ought to do usually conflicts with
what we are inclined to do Duty v. inclination
Test for doing what is morally right
Solely focused on intentions
Always act so that your decision could become universal law 1. what do I want to do?
2. do I want this decision to be a rule/universal law?
Golden Rule
Sees others as important
If we all use the same rules of logic and all react rationally, we will come to the same moral and intellectual conclusions.
1. Consequences count By asking about universal rules, Kant is
talking about consequences
2. Does not resolve conflict between duties just between duty and inclination
3. Loopholes creates scenarios that are too specific
4. Who is rational? Kant assumes all have the same goals
and that our brains work essentially the same way
5. Does not allow for exceptions Tell the truth even if the consequences
are horrible
Rational beings are ends in themselves
A person is not a means to an end
A person has intrinsic value
Any rational being deserves respect
Things Animals can be used as tools or as a means
to an end
The Kingdom of Ends A world in which people do the right thing
Moral autonomy comes from our own reason
,
Consequentialist theory Focuses on consequences of actions
Hard Universalist/Absolutist theory
The theory that one ought to maximize happiness and minimize the unhappiness of as many people as possible
Epicurus (341-270 B.C.E.) Greek philosopher who advocated a life free of pain
Coined the term utilitarianism
Believed that it is good for an action to have a utility (to make people happy)
Developed Hume’s theory of utility into a moral theory to reform the British legal system
Believed that all humans are hedonists
Developed Hedonistic Calculus Calculates probable consequences of actions
Produces a rational solution to any problem
Rediscovered the paradox of hedonism The more you search for pleasure, the more it will elude
you
Refined Bentham’s theory Higher and lower pleasures
Harm Principle The only purpose of interfering with the life of someone
is to prevent harm to others
Act Utilitarianism
Always do whatever act that will create the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
Only focuses on consequences of present decision
Always do whatever type of act (based on a rule) that will create the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
Focuses on consequences of others applying that same rule
Rule Utilitarianism
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