29 Dec TOPIC: How is the reintroduction of privatization impacting public po
TOPIC: How is the reintroduction of privatization impacting public policy decision making and the targeted social outcomes? For example, imagine a state determines that access to high-speed internet for every home is essential for long-term public health, yet in areas of the state, the market has determined that it is not profitable to provide the service. Should the state form a partnership with a private sector business (i.e., subsidize) to ensure that their social goal is obtained?
PLEASE STRONGLY UTILIZE THE INFORMATION FROM THE TWO ATTACHED WORD DOCUMENTS, ESPECIALLY 5-2 FINAL PROJECT MILESTONE TWO BECAUSE THE WORK IS THERE, NEEDS TO BE PUT TOGETHER IN ONE POLISHED ARTIFACT, NOT MISSING ANY KEY PIECES FROM THE RUBRIC.
PAD 630 Milestone Three Guidelines and Rubric
For this milestone, submit a rough draft of your final project white paper. Include all the required elements of the final paper and incorporate any relevant instructor feedback you received on Milestones One and Two.
In your rough draft, be sure to address all the following critical elements:
I. Introduction Concisely describe your chosen organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in the field of public administration.
II. Theoretical Overview: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. A. Public Administration Advocates: Describe the original advocates for the development of professional public management within the federal
government of the United States. In your description, consider questions such as these: What were their viewpoints? How did they advocate for the development of public administration?
B. Impact on Public Administration: Differentiate between the views of Dwight Waldo and Herbert Simon. How did each impact the development of the public administration profession?
C. Public Administration Dichotomy: Analyze the founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administration practice.
III. Public Administration in Practice A. Governmental Operations: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected.
1. Civil Service Implementation: Assess the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government.
2. Local Governmental Operations: Illustrate how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations. In other words, what impact has professional management had on local governmental operations? For example, you could consider how prevalent the mayor/manager form of government is.
3. Impact of Iron Triangle: Assess the impact of the “iron triangle” on public policy and program administration at the state and federal levels of government. In other words, how does the bureaucracy counterbalance the direct relationship between special interests and the legislature?
B. Differences Between Public Administration and Private Sector Management: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected.
1. Organizational Differences: Contrast the impact of political boundaries in governmental operations versus the private sector. For example, you could consider how political boundaries impact program and operational efficiencies. Provide specific examples to support your response.
2. Legal Differences: Analyze mandates, legal and nonlegal, related to the challenge you selected. How do they impact the operations of state and local governments? How do these mandates apply to private sector firms? Provide specific examples to support your response.
3. Cultural Differences: Illustrate the impacts politics can have on administrative appointments in the public and private sectors. In other words, what is the impact of political appointments on the culture of governmental agencies and private businesses? Provide specific examples to support your response.
C. Roles of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected.
1. Executive Branch: Outline the role of the executive branch of government in the development of public policy, specifically related to the challenge you selected.
2. Legislative Branch: Outline the role of the legislative branch of government in the development of public policy, specifically related to the challenge you selected.
3. Judicial Branch: What role does the court system play in arbitrating public policy disputes between the executive and legislative branches of government? Focus specifically on how the judicial branch has impacted the challenge you selected.
D. Public Budgeting Techniques: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Zero-Based Budgeting: Assess the principle of zero-based budgeting for how it has impacted federal programs and their stakeholders.
What are the pros and cons of this methodology? 2. Performance-Based Budgeting: Assess how performance-based budgeting applies to private sector budgeting practices in a public
sector setting. What are the pros and cons of this methodology? Include the impact on public programs and their stakeholders in your response.
3. Emerging Budget Strategies: Describe emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments. In other words, what contemporary public budgeting techniques are effective?
E. Governmental Communication Strategies: Ensure that you focus specifically on the organizational, legal, or cultural challenge that you selected. 1. Impact of Social Media: Assess the effectiveness of social media on governmental operations at the federal, state, or local
governmental level. Consider questions such as these: What impact has social media had in enhancing public outreach? How has social media been used to develop a sense of community?
2. Impact of Other Media Types: Assess how various other media types can enhance public outreach and impact a citizen’s sense of community.
3. Communication Strategies: How has the proliferation of information outlets impacted the communication strategies utilized by government officials?
Milestone Three R ubric
Please note that the rubric for the rough draft is not identical to the Final Project Rubric. The Final Project Rubric will include an Exemplary category, which provides guidance as to how you can go above and beyond the Proficient category in your final submission.
Guidelines for Submission: Your draft should be 15–20 pages in length and should use double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. You should use APA guidelines for your cover page, in-text citations, and reference list.
Critical Elements Proficient (100%) Needs Improvement (80%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Introduction Concisely describes selected organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in public administration
Describes selected organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in public administration, but description is wordy or vague
Does not describe selected organizational, legal, or cultural challenge in public administration
4.1
Theoretical Overview: Public Administration Advocates
Describes original advocates for development of professional public management in federal government of United States
Describes original advocates for development of professional public management in federal government of United States, but with gaps in clarity or detail
Does not describe original advocates for development of professional public management in federal government of United States, or description lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Theoretical Overview: Impact on Public Administration
Differentiates between the views of Dwight Waldo and Herbert Simon for how they impacted the development of the public administration profession
Differentiates between the views of Dwight Waldo and Herbert Simon for how they impacted the development of the public administration profession, but with gaps in accuracy or detail
Does not differentiate between the views of Dwight Waldo and Herbert Simon for how they impacted the development of the public administration profession, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Theoretical Overview: Public Administration Dichotomy
Analyzes founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administrative practice
Analyzes founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administrative practice, but with gaps in accuracy or detail
Does not analyze founding dichotomy of public administration as expressed by Dwight Waldo for its impact on public administrative practice, or analysis lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Civil Service
Implementation
Assesses the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government
Assesses the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate
Does not assess the impact that the implementation of civil service had on the effectiveness of public service in the federal government, or assessment lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Local
Governmental Operations
Illustrates how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations
Illustrates how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations, but with gaps in clarity or detail
Does not illustrate how public administration has manifested itself in local governmental operations, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Impact of Iron
Triangle
Assesses impact of iron triangle on public policy and program administration at state and federal levels of government
Assesses impact of iron triangle on public policy and program administration at state and federal levels of government, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate
Does not assess impact of iron triangle on public policy and program administration at state and federal levels of government, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Organizational
Differences
Contrasts impact of political boundaries in governmental operations versus the private sector, supporting response with specific examples
Contrasts impact of political boundaries in governmental operations versus the private sector, but with gaps in accuracy, detail, or support
Does not contrast impact of political boundaries in governmental operations versus the private sector, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Legal Differences
Analyzes legal and nonlegal mandates related to selected challenges for how they impact state and local government operations and private sector firms, supporting response with specific examples
Analyzes legal and nonlegal mandates related to selected challenges for how they impact state and local government operations and private sector firms, but with gaps in accuracy, detail, or support
Does not analyze legal and nonlegal mandates related to selected challenges for how they impact state and local government operations and private sector firms, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Cultural
Differences
Illustrates impacts of politics on administrative appointments in public and private sectors, supporting response with specific examples
Illustrates impacts of politics on administrative appointments in public and private sectors, but with gaps in clarity, detail, or support
Does not illustrate impacts of politics on administrative appointments in public and private sectors, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Executive Branch
Outlines role of executive branch of government in development of public policy, specifically related to selected challenge
Outlines role of executive branch of government in development of public policy, specifically related to selected challenge, but with gaps in accuracy or detail
Does not outline role of executive branch of government in development of public policy, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Legislative Branch
Outlines role of legislative branch of government in development of public policy, specifically related to selected challenge
Outlines role of legislative branch of government in development of public policy, specifically related to selected challenge, but with gaps in accuracy or detail
Does not outline role of legislative branch of government in development of public policy, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in
Practice: Judicial Branch
Analyzes role of court system in arbitrating public policy disputes between executive and legislative branches of government, specifically related to selected challenge
Analyzes role of court system in arbitrating public policy disputes between executive and legislative branches of government, specifically related to selected challenge, but with gaps in accuracy or detail
Does not analyze role of court system in arbitrating public policy disputes between executive and legislative branches of government, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Zero-Based
Budgeting
Assesses principle of zero-based budgeting for how it has impacted federal programs and their stakeholders and addresses pros and cons of methodology
Assesses principle of zero-based budgeting for how it has impacted federal programs and their stakeholders and addresses pros and cons of methodology, but response is cursory or inaccurate
Does not assess principle of zero-based budgeting for how it has impacted federal programs and their stakeholders, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Performance-
Based Budgeting
Assesses how performance-based budgeting applies to private sector budgeting practices in public sector setting and addresses pros and cons of methodology and impact on public programs and their stakeholders
Assesses how performance-based budgeting applies to private sector budgeting practices in public sector setting and addresses pros and cons of methodology and impact on public programs and their stakeholders, but response is cursory or inaccurate
Does not assess how performance-based budgeting applies to private sector budgeting practices in public sector setting, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Emerging Budget
Strategies
Describes emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments
Describes emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments, but with gaps in clarity or detail
Does not describe emerging budget strategies being utilized by public agencies to address the difficult fiscal environment facing local governments, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Impact of Social
Media
Assesses the effectiveness of social media on governmental operations at federal, state, or local governmental level
Assesses the effectiveness of social media on governmental operations at federal, state, or local governmental level, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate
Does not assess the effectiveness of social media on governmental operations at federal, state, or local governmental level, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Impact of Other
Media Types
Assesses how various other media types can enhance public outreach and impact a citizen’s sense of community
Assesses how various other media types can enhance public outreach and impact a citizen’s sense of community, but assessment is cursory or inaccurate
Does not assess how various other media types can enhance public outreach and impact a citizen’s sense of community, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Public Administration in Practice: Communication
Strategies
Explains how proliferation of information outlets has impacted communication strategies utilized by government officials
Explains how proliferation of information outlets has impacted communication strategies utilized by government officials, but with gaps in clarity or detail
Does not explain how proliferation of information outlets has impacted communication strategies utilized by government officials, or response lacks focus on selected challenge
5.1
Articulation of Response Submission has no major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization
Submission has major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that negatively impact readability and articulation of main ideas
Submission has critical errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that prevent understanding of ideas
4.1
Total 100%
- PAD 630 Milestone Three Guidelines and Rubric
- Milestone Three Rubric
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8
5-2 Final Project Milestone Two: Public Administration in Practice
Destiny Nance
Southern New Hampshire University
PAD 630
December 18, 2022
Public Administration in Practice
Introduction
Public versus private administration is an argument that has remained contested for decades. Back in the 1980s, there was a widespread uptake of operations by governments, especially in the developed world’s such as Europe and America. Governments were deeply involved in establishing roads, bridges, and waterways. They were also involved in the service industry, such as health and installing hospital units. The services extended to the banking industry which the government played a major stakeholder. However, at the start of the 1990s, the shift changed so that privatization became the thing. The private industry's expected efficiency and self-sufficiency were vital factors driving the practice. Consequently, privatization has greatly affected the public policies of various governments (Wang et al., 2018). One such area is formulating policies that make high-speed Internet an essential tool in achieving long-term public health. It is essential for the state governments to form partnerships with the private industry to successfully deliver high-speed internet services to the general public for a healthy state.
Government Operations
Civil Service Implementation
High-speed internet services are quite a competitive business. It thus requires a capitalist-driven mind to keep one's business as a going concern. The need to make such a service available to all may be futile for any private business. However, incorporating the government brings some advantages that may make the process more efficient (Mendez et al, 2021). This includes applying the civil system mode of hiring based on patronage rather than patronage. The presence of civil government as an oversight board brings some sense of accountability of the firm to the general public and thus calls for more transparency in the conduction of daily business.
Local Government Operations
Privatization's prevalence is fast rising at national and local government levels. In the case of internet service delivery, the backbone of this essential service is being handed over to the private sector, with the local government leader taking less effect. The Domain Name System (DNS) and Internet Protocol (IP) address system have since been transferred from the governor's leadership (Tarnoff, 2022). The effect is that instead of the local governments having the mandate to provide a government-subsidized backbone to one where the private market is the one to provide such a service. The local government is now taking less role in the limelight and focusing on and easing operations of the private firms to make the service affordable to the citizens. Thus, this phenomenon can be equated to managers being more prevalent and less of the mayor.
Impact on Iron Triangle
Like many other policies, the privatization of high-speed internet services is subject to influence by partisans of the iron triangle. While the federal government is looking to extend its influence across the different states, the policy is unlikely to take effect if certain groups' needs are unmet. For instance, the service's subsidization level should be sufficient to attract private investors, who are often the special interest groups with the capacity to conduct such enormous projects. Nevertheless, the extent to which the special groups can hold a federal or local government at stake is usually counteracted by the presence of bureaucratic institutions that can offer such services. In the case of privatization of high-speed Internet, the bureaucratic institutions maintain unique roles, including maintenance and enforcement of the laws (Brownstein, 2020). Thus, where there is more bureaucratic power, special interests are at a disadvantage.
Differences Between Public Administration and Private Sector Management
Organizational Difference
The powers of a government limit the extent of administration of high-speed Internet by the government. In the case of federal government involvement, the legislative laws in place only allow this form of government to play an oversight role rather than conduct the day-to-day activities left to the state government. The difference in state laws brings out systematic differences in service delivery and affordability (Brownstein, 2020). On the other hand, privatization eliminates border limitations and can traverse many states. Such private companies include Brightspeed and Spectrum. It is thus beneficial to operate as a private firm.
Cultural Difference
There are significant cultural differences in operation in the public and private sectors. In the former, the effects of the iron triangle are more obvious, and such factors often drive even the appointments made to various positions in a company. However, in the case of a privately owned high-speed internet service, the appointment of the head staff, such as the chief executive officer, is more likely to be based on track record rather than whose interests they are meant to safeguard (Christensen et al., 2020). Thus, while public services aim to satisfy the needs of the citizens, there is an overriding interest that has to be also aligned, while the private sector has a culture of aligning its interest to the consumers with a service that ensures profitability and suitable operations.
Roles of the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branches
Executive Branch
The executive branch has some significant powers when it comes to enacting policies. Depending on how fit it considers the privatization of internet services, the policy can be passed and made into law or veto it altogether after congress has approved the process. On the other hand, the executive can also bypass congress through an executive order and make the policy formal even where there is congressional resistance (Laplane &
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