12 Apr Change Management The purpose of the paper is to analyze the issues involved in the Organizational Structure simulation
Project: Handwriting Recognition.
Total 20 Pages
Cover page
Reference list page (Total 10 References)
Literature review page (10 Pages)
Eight pages about the project. (This can include the screen print, figures/tables, code, etc.)
Total cover page + Literature review + project details + Reference list (1 + 10 + 8 + 1): Total 20 Pages
APA format: 12-point font: Time New Roman: Double spaced: in-text citations required.
Project Presentation PPT:
15 Slides are needed.
DEADLINES:
Research paper due- 10th April 2023 by 10 PM CST
PPT due on 13th April 2023 by 10 PM CST
Note:
I am attaching the two sample research papers in APA format and also the proposal of the project for your reference.
Change Management 7
Change Management
Harichand Nair
University of XXXXX
ORG/502: Human Relations and Organizational Behavior
Dr. YYYYYY
September 14, XXXX
Change Management
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the issues involved in the “Organizational Structure” simulation and address the following questions.
Research Topic 1
Change is inevitable. If one analyzes the Synergetic Solutions Inc, the main internal drivers of change are strategic ambitions, pressure for change, declining efficiency, changes in employee expectations and changes in work climate. To survive in the market environment Synergetic Solutions decided to venture into the network solutions business of designing and implementing complex computing networks. As a result of strategic initiatives or strategic ambitions change is now evident. Pressure for change that originates inside the organization indicates that something needs to be changed. Declining effectiveness is a pressure to change. The company was forced to take corrective action by changing the line of business. Changes in work climate can also trigger change in organization. Workforce that seems unskilled, unmotivated, and dissatisfied can stimulate change. A change in employee expectation is another factor. When the job role and job descriptions change, the expectations also change (McAdam & Henderson, 2002).
The Major external drives of change for this organization are globalization, technological change, workforce diversity, and external competition. It is evident from the simulation that Synergetic has offices in five locations across the east coast. Expanding into such ventures requires extreme adaptability and flexibility. All of these changes have led Synergetic to rethink the borders of their market and to encourage their employees to think globally. ”G lobalization of markets and reorganization of distribution are mutually dependent processes that involve changes in market structures.” (Mattsson, 2003, p.420). Technological change is another factor for change in organizations. If an organization fails to keep pace with technological innovation it can quickly fall behind. “ Technological change transforms the nature of the marketplace by changing the relative cost, features and availability of products.” (Krell, 2000,p.10). Workforce diversity is another external factor. Synergetic is hiring young and skilled workers. The majority of current employees are middle-aged. Workforce diversity becomes more evident when one link globalization with change in organizations. External competition is yet another factor. Synergetic is encountering stiff challenge from several trading and networking organizations.
Research Topic 2
A leader in this organization needs to weigh team-based structure, work environment, skill sets of current employees, availability of new hires with relevant skills, allocated budget, and timeline. “ Team-based management systems appear to be a possible avenue for increasing the productivity and effectiveness of organizations.” (Whitfield, Anthony, & Kacmar, 1995,p.20). Developing the required skill sets and promoting the right people is essential for organizational growth. Skill sets of current employee’s should be considered while instituting a change process. Strategy should be in place to upgrade current employee skill sets or hire new employees with relevant skills (Hawkins, 2004). The leader has to consider the time and cost of the options and their repercussions. The strategy for change needs to address immediate concerns and its impact. The leader needs to balance the advice of the experts and use his own judgment in making decisions.
Research Topic 3
The leader might encounter resistance of several types. Some of the major reasons for resistance are fear of unknown, fear of loss, fear of failure, politics, breaking routines, disruption of interpersonal relationships, and saving face. Changes often brings with it substantial uncertainty. Some people may resist change simply because it introduces ambiguity into what was once a comfortable situation for them. This is especially a problem when there has been little communication about the change. When a change is announced some employees may fear losing their jobs. Employees may also lose their status, and power. Change can also diminish the positive qualities the individual enjoys in the job. Some employees fear changes because they fear their own failure. Employees tend to think that changes may result in increased workloads or increased task difficulty. This can also result in higher performance expectations. Resistance can also stem from a fear that the change itself will not really take place. Organizational change may also shift the existing balance of power in the organization. Individuals who hold power under the current arrangement may be threatened with losing these political advantages. Employees may resist change if it threatens interpersonal relationships. Individuals would like to stay within their comfort zone. People defy change when they feel they have to learn new things or function in new roles. They are not willing to break the existing routines. Some employees resist change just to prove that the decision made by management is wrong. “ Resistance to change is an essential factor to be considered in any change process, since a proper management of resistance is the key for change success or failure.” (Val & Fuentes, 2003, p.277).
During the period of transition, the leader must communicate to all employees the need for change, the ultimate growth potential, training plans to upgrade current employee skill sets, career prospects for all eligible employees, and initiate programs to help employees make transition. “ In this context, change entails bringing new conversations into a sustained existence and the job of change managers is to create the conversational realities that produce effective action rather than to align organizations with some “true” reality.”(Ford, 1999,p.499). The leader should use his communication and management skills to manage resistance by looking at ways to utilize it rather than overcoming it. “ The overwhelming suggestion in the management literature is that participative techniques are the best method of handling resistance.” (Waddell & Sohal, 1998,p.545).
Research topic 4
“The path-goal theory of leadership states that the leader helps subordinates to achieve their goals by providing a clear path for them to follow.” (Silverthome, 2001, p.155).Based on the simulation one tends to feel that the leader may use directive style to give specific guidance about work tasks and let followers know what is expected. In selecting the appropriate leadership style, the leader must consider both the followers and the work environment. During certain stages of the change management process the leader has to switch over to supportive style to express concern for follower’s well-being. While dealing with strategic decision-making activities the leader must deploy participative style. This will make the followers feel important and part of decision-making body. Sometimes the leader has to use achievement-oriented style to set challenging goals.” If there is a lesson here for the general manager it is that the chances are that he/she follows as well as leads, and that in both capacities sensitivity to the importance of followers and followership skills may lead to a healthier organization.” (Brown & Thornborrow, 1996,p.9). There is disagreement among scholars with regard to effective leadership style. The leader has to change the management style based on the situation (Yousef, 1998). During the change management process, the leader must always choose the leadership style that helps followers achieve their goals.
Research Topic 5
The leader should anticipate changes, communicate to the employees and make them aware of ones expectations. Change management helps the employees and the companies prepare themselves for the upcoming changes. Change management process helps an organization make the necessary changes in vision, work processes, and employee performance needed to sustain the organization and improve performance. It is a commitment of time and resources to get organizations ready to implement a change management strategy and mitigate risks of failure to maximize the return on an investment. One must use change management to get work done efficiently and effectively. Budget, timeline, internal factors, external factors, employee motivation, organizational culture, and organizational structure should be ascertained before launching the change management process. Management of change is a crucial factor in organizational performance and existence (Burnes & James, 1995).
Change management helps organizations like IP to streamline its work processes and employee performance management systems. The bottom line is that change is inevitable, but can be managed. We are currently using very effective change management strategies in IP. After completing my MBA, I am sure I will be able to contribute more towards streamlining the change management process.
Please note: Ten research topics were given …so ten pages double spaced , 12 point font size , cover page (first page) , and reference page ( last page) . Total pages 1 + 10 + 1 = 12
This paper is written ia APA 5 . The current version is APA 7. Any format APA 5 or higher will do.
References
Burnes, B. & James, H. (1995). Culture, cognitive dissonance and the management of change. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 15(8), 14-33. Retrieved August 27, 2005, from Emerald database.
Bossink, B. & Blauw, J. (2002). Strategic ambitions as drivers of improvement at DaimlerChrysler. Measuring Business Excellence, 6(4), 5-11. Retrieved August 26, 2005, from Emerald database.
Brown, A. & Thornborrow, W. (1996). Do organizations get the followers they deserve? . Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 17(1), 5-11. Retrieved August 26, 2005, from Emerald database.
Ford, J. (1999). Organizational change as shifting conversations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(6), 480-500. Retrieved August 30, 2005, from Emerald database.
Hawkins, B. (2004). Developing and promoting the right people: What is happening in your organization?. Development and Learning in Organizations, 18(4), 13-15. Retrieved August 29, 2005, from Emerald database.
Krell, T. (2000). Organizational longevity and technological change. Journal of Organizational Change Management , 13(1), 8-14. Retrieved August 29, 2005, from Emerald database.
Mattsson, L. (2003). Reorganization of distribution in globalization of markets: the dynamic context of supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 8(5), 416-426. Retrieved August 26, 2005, from Emerald database.
McAdam, R. & Henderson, J. (2004). Influencing the future of TQM: internal and external driving factors . International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 21(1), 51-71. Retrieved August 26, 2005, from Emerald database.
Moran, J. & Brightman, B. (2000). Leading organizational change . Journal of Workplace Learning ,12(2), 66-74. Retrieved August 26, 2005, from Emerald database.
Silverthome, C. (2000). A test of the path-goal leadership theory in Taiwan. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(4), 151-158. Retrieved August 26, 2005, from Emerald database.
Val, M. & Fuentes, C. (2003). Resistance to change: a literature review and empirical study. Management Decision, 41(2), 148-150. Retrieved August 26, 2005, from EBSCOhost database.
Waddell, D. & Sohal, A. (1998). Resistance: a constructive tool for change management. Management Decision , 36(8), 543-548. Retrieved August 24, 2005, from Emerald database.
Whitfield, J., Anthony, W. & Kacmar, K. (1995). Evaluation of team-based management: a case study . Journal of Organizational Change Management, 8(2), 17-28. Retrieved August 30, 2005, from Emerald database.
Yousef, D. (1995). Correlates of perceived leadership style in a culturally mixed environment. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 19(5), 275-284. Retrieved August 30, 2005, from Emerald database.
Hari –
Excellent paper all around.
Content 11.4
Readability 1.9
Mechanics 1.0
TOTAL 14.3
,
Research paper
Research Paper Submitted By
Department of Computer and Information Systems,
Christian Brothers University
Management and Information Systems
ECIS-635
Harichand Nair Ph.D.
CLOUD COMPUTING
The distribution of computing services, such as servers, storage, databases, communications, programming, analytics, and expertise, is referred to as cloud storage. Formats (PaaS), Transport systems (IaaS), and Business applications are the other three primary categories of cloud-based computing services (SaaS) (Gray, 2007).
Public clouds are cloud computing environments that are frequently built using IT infrastructure that is not the end users. Locational and ownership divisions are now irrelevant as a result. Never anymore must private clouds be sourced from those on IT architecture. Now that businesses are constructing private clouds in off-site, rented data centers operated by vendors, all standards governing location and management are irrelevant (Gray, 2007).
IaaS stands for a cloud service provider who uses an internet connection to handle your infrastructure, including the real servers, connectivity, virtualization, and data storage. The user effectively rents the hardware and has access via an API or dashboard. PaaS refers to an external cloud service provider providing and managing the infrastructure and a mobile application, but the user is in charge of the apps that run on top of this platform and the content such apps rely on (Gray, 2007).
A private cloud is a cloud infrastructure that is completely dedicated to one final consumer or group, typically running that behind the user's or company's firewall. Although not all multi clouds are mixed clouds, all hybrid systems are multiclouds. Hardware, systems, or applications that are managed by external companies and made accessible to users online are referred to as cloud computing. When numerous clouds are linked together by some kind of interaction or automation, they become hybridization platforms (Gray, 2007).
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS
Accountancy, sales, advertising, personnel management, manufacturing, sourcing, finances, product testing, production lines, customer engagement, and project management are just a few of the many modules that an ERP system might encompass. Early ERP systems were primarily concerned with giving industrial organizations the means to manage their operations. Your whole business, from sales and marketing to client interactions and finance, is managed by an ERP solution (Cornford, 1990).
With ERP, you can keep track of everything from payroll to purchasing, inventory to shipping. Business process management is an example of innovation, evolution, and change. ERP systems started to provide solutions for companies in a variety of areas, including retail, healthcare, and financial services, as they grew more extensive, and the industry developed. ERP programs available, in this piece we'll concentrate on the advantages of implementing ERP on the Salesforce platform (Cornford, 1990).
While many of the advantages are same for all users, Salesforce offers extra features and connectors that make it possible to further link corporate activities in ways that are not otherwise conceivable. increases productivity and accuracy Internal activities can be automated and integrated to reduce duplication and increase accuracy and efficiency. With integrated systems, departments may coordinate their efforts to deliver quicker and better outcomes (Cornford, 1990).
The advantages of ERP are well known. However, it's simple to underestimate the positive effects ERP may have on businesses. Business ERP, conventional solutions carry out all the essential tasks associated with ERP systems. ERP for small enterprises system, small businesses may pick and choose the features that best suit their operations and needs (Cornford, 1990).
CYBER SECURITY
A range of security systems are needed to reduce business cyber risk as cyberattacks become more frequent and complex and organizational connections become even more complicated (Derrick, 2011).
Some of the different types of cyber security are Network security These attacks are intended to be recognized and prevented by network security systems. These systems includes access and information controls including Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) application controls, Data Loss Prevention (DLP), Identity Access Management (IAM), Network Access Control (NAC) (Derrick, 2011).
A cloud security plan should incorporate cyber security tools, procedures, guidelines, and services to safeguard a company's overall cloud deployment. End point security The zero-trust security concept advises enclosing data wherever it may be in micro-segments. Using endpoint security with a mobile workforce is one method to do that.
By using data and network security controls, sophisticated threat prevention tools like anti-phishing and anti-ransomware, and endpoint security, businesses can protect end-user devices like PCs and laptops (Derrick, 2011).
Mobile security Because corporate data may be accessed on mobile devices like tablets and smartphones, organizations are at risk from phishing, malicious software, zero-day vulnerabilities, and IM (Instant Messaging) assaults. These assaults are stopped by mobile security, which also protects operational platforms and devices from tapping and baseband firmware (Derrick, 2011).
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the process through which a computer may act on data through statistical analysis, allowing it to comprehend, examine, and learn from data using specially created algorithms. Intelligent software devices can remember patterns of behavior and adapting their responses to fit those tendencies or promote behavioral changes (McCarthy, 1990).
Some of the examples of artificial intelligence are like Maps and Navigation Traveling has been greatly enhanced by AI. You may now use Google or Apple Maps on your phone and punch in your location rather than relying on printed maps or directions. Incorporating machine intelligence will provide users with a significantly improved experience (McCarthy, 1990).
We now use artificial intelligence on a regular basis in the form of virtual filters on our faces while taking photos and face ID to unlock our phones. Any human face is recognized in the former thanks to face detection. The user provides the front-end data collection, which is then saved and subject to deep learning and machine learning techniques for analysis. Customer service interactions can be night before going to bed and stressful. It's a costly, ineffective department that is difficult to manage for businesses (McCarthy, 1990).
To keep you engaged and "plugged in," social media platforms utilize AI to monitor content, recommend connections, and send adverts to specific users, among many other functions. With visual image recognition and keyword analysis, AI algorithms can quickly identify and remove posts that are problematic and in violation of the terms and conditions. Although a crucial part of this process, deep learning goes beyond its neural network design (McCarthy, 1990).
MACHINE LEARNING
The new term in intelligent machines is machine learning, a branch of the discipline that permits a device to learn from previous experiences and advance without being recurrent neural networks automatically. Computer science is dynamic and does not rely on pre-programmed rules or directives. On the specific data, where another output is known, the system learns in supervised learning. This serves as the model's "supervisor" during training by offering an answer key the algorithm may use to gauge its correctness using the training set of data (AL, 1959).
This is employed to forecast the values of upcoming or ambiguous data. This method is task-driven. Customer acquisition, staff attrition, fraud incident monitoring, goods sales price predicting, validation forecasting, malware scanning, and fingerprint recognition are a few examples of supervised methods. Between both supervised and unsupervised learning methods is semi-supervised learning. It uses both supervised and unsupervised learning for training, with a large number of data sets and a typical modest portion of annotated data (AL, 1959).
Training process allows the model to infer hidden patterns and structures from unlabeled input. Such data do not contain a response or a target variable to supervise the examination of what is correct or incorrect. Identification of accident-prone regions, consumer segmentation, image segmentation, market basket analysis, and delivery store efficiency. The feedback system, which is predicated on an agent and environmental, is the foundation of supervised learning. This behavior-driven method relies on reinforcements discovered through trial and error. the functional performance of systems, such as industry, supply chain logistics, robotics, and academia (AL, 1959).
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Blockchain technology is easy to comprehend. The technology basically consists of a central database with entries that must be encrypted and verified using mentoring networks.
Imagine it as a shared Google Document that is strongly encrypted, authenticated, and where each entry in the sheet depends on a logical relationship to all its predecessors and is accepted by everyone on the network. Beyond only being the engine that powers Bitcoin, blockchain technology has a wide variety of other possible applications (Chen, 2022).
This makes it ideal for money transfers and financial transactions. Advantages the blockchain systems provide capital markets include faster settlement process, a centralized audit trail, and operational enhancements, according to a McKinsey analysis (Chen, 2022).
Detailed info like age or gender, as well as perhaps more fundamental medical history information like immunization records or vital signs, are examples of health data that is appropriate for blockchain (Chen, 2022).
According to PWC, the ability of blockchain technology to underpin systems for metering, invoicing, and clearing in addition to carrying out energy supply transactions. Ownership documentation, asset management, origin guarantees, emission permits, and renewable power certificates are some more potential uses (Chen, 2022).
IT CERTIFICATIONS
Obtaining an IT certification is one of the best methods for IT workers to advance their careers. With the help of these certificates, individuals with all levels of experience may show off their abilities and competence while gaining in-depth knowledge of a specific field of IT. Whether a professional wants to advance professionally through a promotion, lateral transfer within their company, or the start of a new career path, obtaining a certification may help them develop their skill set and realize their goals (Quan, 2000).
Certifications are significant because they provide a simple means of demonstrating your proficiency in particular IT fields. To claim that you can use a new technology is one thing. Individuals in level positions: IT certifications can swiftly broaden an employee's range of skills, allowing them to take on more responsibility or apply for promotions. Upper professionals: IT certification can aid mid-career professionals in upskilling, reskilling, mastering a new speciality, and ensuring that their knowledge and expertise are current with the most recent advances in the field. IT certifications can be a useful approach to build on current abilities and establish new ones for anyone wishing to advance in their job or to trace a new career path (Quan, 2000).
There are numerous IT certifications and learning opportunities, ranging from those that offer important core knowledge to those that concentrate on establishing and proving proficiency in a particular skill, technology, or platform. The most fundamental information about a subject is provided by foundations courses, which are offered on a variety of IT topics. For instance, Oracle provides foundations courses in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) for IT professionals. For those who are brand-new to a certain subject or technology, foundational courses are designed to educate the fundamentals and lay a strong foundation for developing further skills (Quan, 2000).
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY JOBS
Information Technology Job are the jobs that are jobs that some professional helps to organization to maintain their infrastructure and provides good assistance to the technology Consumers. An individual who creates new software application utilizing coding languages like HTML, JavaScript, and CSS is known as a programmer. Video game programming can be updated to enhance online multiplayer, giving programmers a chance to address issues gamers may have after the game is made available to the wider public (Litan, 2009).
A systems analyst examines design elements and uses their information technology expertise to address business issues. They pinpoint the infrastructure changes that are necessary to improve business and IT processes. They can help technologists train staff members to make the suggested adjustments. In order to make the group's computer network accessible and effective for all employees, network engineers work on the regular building and support of the network. depending on the product (UX) engineer is involved with every stage of the product development cycle, including usability testing, branding, usability testing, and usability testing (Litan, 2009).
A computer scientist uses their knowledge of technology and resources to address IT issues for companies. Computer scientists are greatly relied upon by IT firms to develop new programming languages and increase the effectiveness of hardware and software systems (Litan, 2009).
As more companies rely on IT for daily operations, marketing, management, and sales, the IT industry is flourishing. sectors that are always changing with great potential for the future. IT managers, and tech support workers within the organization (Litan, 2009).
E-COMMERCE
When browsing on, the purchase and selling of products and services over the internet. The most profitable e-commerce businesses rely on data to drive best practices like audience segmentation, digital marketing, and targeted email marketing (Dey,1999).
E-commerce, often known as online shopping, is the act of buying and selling products and services over the internet. Less interaction with shoppers: Since customers can't engage with anyone while buying, they could feel less of a connection to your company (Dey,1999).
Additionally, shoppers won't have the chance to touch the thing before making a purchase to confirm that it is what they want. More cooperation is necessary for shipping logistics: Customers for e-commerce companies can be found anywhere in the world, so company owners need to make sure their shipping and logistics can deliver goods to their destination quickly (Dey,1999).
Have you ever paid an online parking fine? Then you have encountered C2G. This concept also incorporates online tax payment and e-auction purchases from a government body. You engage in C2G e-commerce whenever you use the internet to send money to a public organization. C2B can, for instance, be as straightforward as a customer submitting a positive review for a company or a stock photography website buying pictures from independent contractors. Additionally, companies that sell secondhand goods occasionally buy goods from common people online. Modern e-retailers are beginning to investigate the potential of virtual reality, giving potential customers the chance to try a product before buying (Dey,1999).
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Programming Language consist of a group of guidelines that enable the conversion of textual values into different machine code or, in the example of visual computer programming, graphics components (Burks, 1954). C's Popular iOS applications like WordPress, Mozilla Firefox, SoundCloud, and even th
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