1. Summary

1. References

1. Solutions

1. Policy Change

1. Cost Implication to the Community

Overrepresentation of black and hispanic youth in terms of arrest and higher rates of prior contact with the criminal justice system

https://www.sandag.org/-/media/SANDAG/Documents /PDF/data-and-research/criminal-justice-and-public-safety/evaluation-services/juveniles/cj-bulletin-role-of-race-and-ethnicity-san-diego-juvenile-justice-system-2020-09-01.pdf

initial interaction with the system should be limited. implementing more rehabilitative responses to youth delinquency rather than punitive response can reduce this effect. this might include community-based programs, alternative to detention etc.

Closure of juvenile halls to signal a commitment to juvenile justice reform (see SF CNA)

Lower amounts of youth behind bars can be more sustainable economically. More funding may have to be diverted to rehabilitation centers and youth diversion programs.There may be hesitant to move from punitive measures as the community feels leaving them out will increase safety risks.

A. Mersal discusses the value of environmental planning for urban development sustainability in this essay. He underlines how important it is to consider how economic, ecological, and social aspects interact when planning an urban area and how these elements may be utilized to generate sustainable long-term solutions. He uses various examples of effective environmental planning implementation from throughout the globe to highlight this argument. Mersal focuses in particular on how changing policies may make cities more sustainable and how these policies can be put into practice without imposing an excessive financial burden on towns or communities.

Mersal, A. (2016). Sustainable urban futures: Environmental planning for sustainable urban development. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 34, 49-61. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302473199 _Sustainable_Urban_Futures_Environmental _Planning_for_Sustainable_Urban_Development/ link/5731114d08ae08415e6a86a1/download

Mersal contends that activities focused on certain locations are insufficient to build sustainable urban futures. Instead, he asserts that in order to attain environmental, economic, and social sustainability, a combination of policy adjustments and urban planning must be put into practice. He outlines various effective tactics from throughout the globe, such as projects like energy-efficient and environmentally friendly building design and the development of green infrastructure. Mersal adds that towns must also pay attention to other facets of sustainability, like trash management, public transportation, and even urban agriculture.

Mersal proposes that urban and state policy emphasize environmental preservation, land use change, and green technology usage. He urges municipal planners, policymakers, and residents to work together to promote sustainable development and environmental resiliency legislation.

Mersal illustrates how incorporating stakeholders may minimize the cost of sustainability efforts. He says that lowering greenhouse gas emissions and improving air and water quality will save money over time. Mersal advises economic studies to assess the costs and advantages of such projects. This strategy might also ensure that policy changes benefit the community rather than just a few.

This article discusses rising countries' environmental issues from many stakeholders' perspectives. It illustrates the complexity of the situation and underlines the necessity for stakeholder participation and suitable policies to decrease environmental degradation risks.

Stakeholders

Ameen, R. F. M., & Mourshed, M. (2017). Urban environmental challenges in developing countries—A stakeholder perspective. Habitat International, 64, 1-10.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication /316105272_Urban_environmental _challenges_in_developing_countries-A_stakeholder_perspective

The article suggests ways to reduce environmental dangers. These include public awareness, tougher environmental laws, early warning systems, and waste management expenditure.Stakeholders debate emerging nations' environmental issues in this article. It emphasizes the complexity of the problem and the necessity for stakeholder participation and appropriate policies to reduce environmental degradation risks.

Stakeholders

The article argues that public policy must alter to effectively combat environmental degradation. This requires improved compliance with current regulations and the introduction of new standards that address environmental deterioration in emerging countries.

The article warns that adopting any of the above proposals may be costly for poor nations. It asserts that long-term benefits outweigh short-term costs of sustainable environmental actions. This underlines the necessity to balance current expenditure and long-term reward when establishing an urban environmental plan.