20 Jul A 64-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of gradual onset of weakness to the left hand. He is left hand dominant. He has had ongoing numbness and tingling th
A 64-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of gradual onset of weakness to the left hand. He is left hand dominant. He has had ongoing numbness and tingling that feels as though it starts at his elbow. However, over the past 2-3 days he had been dropping items due to the weakness. He denies any recent injuries but states that he sustained a crushing injury to the left thumb 4 years ago. He is employed as a mechanic. Several years ago, he tripped over a tire and fell backwards, striking his head on the fender of a car. He didn’t seek medical attention because he only had a small scrape on his elbow. A CT of the head is within normal limits and all labs are normal with the exception of a slightly elevated, non-fasting blood sugar (135). He has no history of diabetes. An x-ray of the neck reveals mild-to-moderate degenerative disc disease at C6-C7 with neuroforaminal narrowing and slight impingement of the exiting nerve root.
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:
- Introduction
- Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes would account for the patient presenting these symptoms.
- Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
- How these processes interact to affect the patient.
- Conclusion
neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes
Scenario: A 64-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of gradual onset of weakness to the left hand. He is left hand dominant. He has had ongoing numbness and tingling that feels as though it starts at his elbow. However, over the past 2-3 days he had been dropping items due to the weakness. He denies any recent injuries but states that he sustained a crushing injury to the left thumb 4 years ago. He is employed as a mechanic. Several years ago, he tripped over a tire and fell backwards, striking his head on the fender of a car. He didn’t seek medical attention because he only had a small scrape on his elbow. A CT of the head is within normal limits and all labs are normal with the exception of a slightly elevated, non-fasting blood sugar (135). He has no history of diabetes. An x-ray of the neck reveals mild-to-moderate degenerative disc disease at C6-C7 with neuroforaminal narrowing and slight impingement of the exiting nerve root.
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:
· Introduction
· Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes would account for the patient presenting these symptoms.
· Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
· How these processes interact to affect the patient.
· Conclusion
RUBRIC FOR GRADING
Develop a 3 page case study analysis, examining the patient symptoms presented in the case study. Be sure to address the following:Explain both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes of why the patient presents these symptoms. = The response accurately and thoroughly describes the patient symptoms. … The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed explanations of both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes of patients who present these symptoms and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
Explain how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient. = The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of how the highlighted processes interact to affect the patient and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
Explain any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning. = The response includes an accurate, complete, detailed, and specific explanation of racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning and is supported by evidence and/or research, as appropriate, to support the explanation.
Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria. = Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. … A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteriA.
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation. = Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. = uses correct APA format with no errors.
,
Running head: CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 1
Module 5 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
This study source was downloaded by 100000784551390 from CourseHero.com on 07-19-2023 10:22:26 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/186734163/M5Assgndocx/
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 2
Case Study
64-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of gradual onset of weakness
to the left hand. He is left hand dominant. He has had ongoing numbness and tingling that
feels as though it starts at his elbow. However, over the past 2-3 days he had been dropping
items due to the weakness. He denies any recent injuries but state that he sustained a crushing
injury to the left thumb 4 years ago. He is employed as a mechanic. Several years ago, he
tripped over a tire and fell backwards striking his head on the fender of a car. He didn’t seek
medical attention because he only had a small scrape on his elbow. A CT of the head is within
normal limits and all labs are normal with the exception of a slightly elevated, non-fasting
blood sugar (135). He has no history of diabetes. An x-ray of the neck reveals mild-to-
moderate degenerative disc disease at C6-C7 with neuroforaminal narrowing and slight
impingement of the exiting nerve root.
Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes
The numbness the patient experiences can be attributed to dysfunction along the
pathway, from the sensory receptors to the cerebral cortex. This can be due to ischemia or
mechanical nerve compression. As a result of the sustained crushing injury to the left thumb
that was not treated, the nerves on the hand might have been injured or negatively affected. In
addition, he also tripped over and fell backward, thus striking his head on the fender of a car.
From this, he might have injured his brain. The patient might have developed vasculitis,
which is inflammation of blood vessels. Vasculitis can affect any blood vessels such as
capillaries, arteries, venules, arterioles, veins, or venules. Further, the patient might have
suffered from ischemic stroke, characterized as sudden neurologic deficits resulting from
focal cerebral ischemic linked to permanent brain infarction (Chin, 2018).
This study source was downloaded by 100000784551390 from CourseHero.com on 07-19-2023 10:22:26 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/186734163/M5Assgndocx/
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 3
Being more specific and as mentioned above, this patient seems to be suffering from a
dysfunction along the pathway, from the sensory receptors to the cerebral cortex, due to
ischemia or mechanical nerve compression known as Cervical radiculopathy. Cervical
radiculopathy is characterized by neurological dysfunction caused by compression and
inflammation of the spinal nerves or nerve roots of the cervical spine, which has relation to
the patient's x-ray results showing mild-to-moderate degenerative disc disease at C6-C7 with
neuroforaminal narrowing and slight impingement of the exiting nerve root (Kang et al.,
2020). Depending on the segments involved and the severity of neurological dysfunction,
various signs and symptoms of cervical radiculopathy may manifest as neck, and unilateral
arm pain with numbness, weakness, or altered reflexes also related to the patient signs and
symptoms.
Cervical radiculopathy is the pathological process associated with the cervical spinal
nerve or nerve root compression and inflammation. Disc herniation is more commonly
associated with lumbar radiculopathy than with cervical radiculopathy. Disc herniation is
responsible for only 21.9% of cervical radiculopathy cases. Cervical spondylosis, the most
common cause of cervical radiculopathy, refers to degenerative changes resulting from aging
in most adult populations. Disc degeneration with age leads to decreased disc height and
foraminal narrowing. Reduced disc height causes increased loads to the vertebral body and
the intervertebral joints of Luschka (uncovertebral joints). This leads to osteophyte formation
and bony hypertrophy. Hypertrophy of the uncovertebral and facet joints can cause foraminal
stenosis and cervical radiculopathy (Kang et al., 2020).
This study source was downloaded by 100000784551390 from CourseHero.com on 07-19-2023 10:22:26 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/186734163/M5Assgndocx/
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 4
Racial/Ethnic Variables
Neurologic illness is common among Americans as it affects around 14% of
the general population. The rate is high as people advance in age. For people aged 60 years
and above, the rate is about 19%. This can be attributed to how old age comes with numerous
health issues, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Since neurodegenerative
diseases suffered in old age negatively affect the brain, they might adversely affect muscles
and other related body parts and organs, thus leading to numbness and weakness in or arms
legs. To prevent many neurological and musculoskeletal health issues, people should get the
needed care early in life (Osmosis.org., 2019). However, while appropriate care is needed in
case of injury as one progresses in age, some racial or ethnic variables make this impossible.
Khan Academy (2019) explained that unequal access to neurologic services is noted for
several neurologic diseases. For instance, people with multiple sclerosis who are black, of
lower-income, physically disabled, living in rural areas, and uninsured are likely to seek the
care of a neurologist. Further, patients with stroke who are female, younger, black, or
Hispanic are less likely to get the needed specialized care from neurologists. It is also notable
that there are delays in diagnosis and symptomatic treatment for neurological health issues
for people with PD who come from low-income backgrounds, are racially monitory, are less
educated, are non-privately insured, or are female.
Determinants such as age, gender, and occupation were significant risk factors.
Prevalence is reportedly 3.5 out of 1000 persons, and gender preferences vary. Individuals are
commonly affected in the 5th and 6th decades of life. The incidence and prevalence rate of
cervical radiculopathy are unclear, and epidemiological data are limited. In a large-scale
retrospective population-based study, the incidence rate was 83.2 per 100,000 people (107.3
men and 63.5 women), with the peak incidence in the fifth decade. A recent US military study
found an incidence of 1.79 per 1,000 person-years.
This study source was downloaded by 100000784551390 from CourseHero.com on 07-19-2023 10:22:26 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/186734163/M5Assgndocx/
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 5
How the Processes Interact to affect the patient.
When a person comes from a poor background, one would not easily access the
needed care irrespective of how crucial it might be. Many people from poor backgrounds are
only rushed to the emergency departments for health issues that could be addressed with ease
(McCance & Huether, 2019). This is the case of the patient's case study, who is a mechanic
and thus unable to afford his necessities. Based on the type of job he holds, it is possible that
he cannot afford needed care unless it is an emergency. In addition, as a result of his career,
he may have a lower education background. This way, he cannot understand the seriousness
of some health issues. It might be due to the soft education background that he ignored a
knock on the head. He did not think that the injury could negatively affect his brain and lead
to numerous serious health issues.
A patient with C6 radiculopathy usually feels pain or numbness from the neck to the
radial side of the biceps, forearm, the dorsal webspace of the hand between the thumb and
index finger, and to the tips of those fingers. However, CTS usually involves the radial three
and a half digits and manifests by thenar muscle atrophy. The cervical seven nerve root is the
most frequently engaged by cervical radiculopathy. Entrapment of the posterior interosseous
nerve may be mistaken for the motor component of the C7 radiculopathy, causing weakness
of the triceps, wrist flexors, and finger extensors (Kang et al., 2020). However, sensory
changes are absent, and the triceps and wrist flexors have normal strength in posterior
interosseous neuropathy. Usually, when patients explain their symptoms, patients with
cervical six radiculopathy or CTS show the volar side of their hands. Still, patients with C7
radiculopathy often express symptoms by pronating the forearms (Kang et al., 2020).
This study source was downloaded by 100000784551390 from CourseHero.com on 07-19-2023 10:22:26 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/186734163/M5Assgndocx/
CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 6
References
Chin, L. S. (2018). Spinal cord injuries. Retrieved from
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793582-overview#a4
Kang, K. C., Lee, H. S., & Lee, J. H. (2020). Cervical Radiculopathy Focus on
Characteristics and Differential Diagnosis. Asian spine journal, 14(6), 921–930.
https://doi.org/10.31616/asj.2020.0647
Khan Academy. (2019). Ischemic stroke. Retrieved from
ttps://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-system-
diseases/stroke/v/ischemic-stroke
McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in
adults and children (8th Ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.
Osmosis.org. (2019, June 12). Osteoporosis – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment,
pathology [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=jUQ_tt_zJDo
This study source was downloaded by 100000784551390 from CourseHero.com on 07-19-2023 10:22:26 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/186734163/M5Assgndocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Ask A Question and we will direct you to our Order Page at WriteDemy. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Fill in all the assignment paper details that are required in the order form with the standard information being the page count, deadline, academic level and type of paper. It is advisable to have this information at hand so that you can quickly fill in the necessary information needed in the form for the essay writer to be immediately assigned to your writing project. Make payment for the custom essay order to enable us to assign a suitable writer to your order. Payments are made through Paypal on a secured billing page. Finally, sit back and relax.
About Wridemy
We are a professional paper writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework. We offer HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE Papers.
How It Works
To make an Order you only need to click on “Order Now” and we will direct you to our Order Page. Fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Are there Discounts?
All new clients are eligible for 20% off in their first Order. Our payment method is safe and secure.