Below we will use sequence data to build a cladogram. In this set of data we can treat each nucleotide site as a trait and each base pair as a character state. 1 3 44 Z 2 10 12 13 (4 15 18 1920 Taxon c 8 Taxon Dc Outgroup CACGA A AGATATT TC CTC T T one way the ingroup species could be related. Each of these potential trees shows ore the potential hypotheses of the true evolutionary history of these organisms en traits changed from the ancestral which traits must have derived in tree mark the evolutionary transitions (wh form to a derived form) where they show the points at order that tree to accommodate the character states we have mapped. In doing this. mork traits following the rule of parsimony (the simplest explanation is the most likely explanation). That means the scenario with the fewest number of evolutionary transitions is the most parsimonious. When marking traits on the tree the goal is to minimize homoplasy fi.e. the independent evolution of the same trait in different lineages) as these would take to evolutionary events but synapomorphies only take one. Tree Selection: There are many ways of deciding which tree is the most likely hypothesis for the evolutionary history of these organisms. For tree selection, the cladistics approach again follows the rule parsimony. The evolution of derived characters is uncommon and requires a rare mutation to become fixed in a population. Because of this, the rule of parsimony suggests that the tree with the fewest number of evolutionary transitions is the best supported hypothesis. 1. Circle the tree with the fewest number of evolutionary events. 2. Which traits are synapormophic on this tree, and between which taxa are each of these synapomorphic traits shared? 3. Are the same traits synapomorphic on all your other trees?