23 Jan Describing the evolution of the lactase persistence
Evolution Video Assignment: Got lactase?
Introduction:
Microevolution is defined as a change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time. Another way to think about it is certain traits become more common while other traits decrease in frequency over time. The most common mechanism of evolution is natural selection, which was first described by Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species in 1859. Darwin suggested that individuals in a population that possess advantageous traits (many of which spontaneously arise through mutation) will be more likely to survive, enabling them to reproduce and pass those traits on to the next generation. There is an array of evidence that supports evolution, including fossil records and observing homologies between species. Without a doubt, evolution has contributed to the diversity of life on Earth today.
In this assignment, you will watch a video describing the evolution of the lactase persistence trait in the human population. Answer the questions that follow and upload your completed assignment to Moodle prior to the due date.
Video link: https://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/making-fittest-got-lactase-co-evolution-genes-and-culture
1. What is the main sugar in milk?
2. What enzyme digests this sugar? What organ in mammals produces this enzyme?
3. When this sugar is broken down in the small intestine, what are the products?
4. What is the only mammal species that can continue to drink milk into adulthood?
5. What does it mean to be lactase persistent?
6. In a lactose tolerance test, a subject drinks milk and the levels of _____________ in the blood are tested before and at multiple time points after milk consumption.
7. In the above test, what results would indicate lactase persistence?
8. What regions of the world have very few people with lactase persistence? What is a potential explanation for this observation?
9. Is there a difference in the coding region of the gene for lactase between individuals with lactase persistence and those that are lactase non-persistent?
10. The lactase gene is on chromosome # _________________.
11. Explain why dairying was needed to select for the lactase persistence mutation. Without this selective pressure, it is likely that the mutation would no longer persist.
12. Why is milk such an important food source in pastoralist societies?
13. How do times of famine aid in further selection of the lactase persistent mutation?
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