10 Jul means and standard deviations, environmental science homework help
Question Description
You have been assigned by your company, “Progress ‘R Us” to study if there has been a decline in recent years of Adult Chinook salmon at the McNary Dam and if there is a mortality rate of this species between The Dalles Dam and the McNary Dam.
You have the following raw data to work with (from HERE
Links to an external site.
) — the data are actual fish counts at the Dam.
Using this data answer the questions that are posed below the data table.
These tools will be needed:
1. DOWNLOAD THE CHART TOOL
2. USE THIS TOOL TO DETERMINE MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS
LINKS TO AN EXTERNAL SITE.
3. Use the Z-test Calculator when needed
2014 772107 605907
2013 757403 582908
2012 413376 341652
2011 440862 388058
2010 543241 471747
2009 350717 232094
2008 331468 224684
2007 187015 129062
2006 312102 197539
2005 363993 249633
2004 511767 342302
2003 546394 368345
2002 540173 380976
2001 556690 437120
2000 253067 152763
1999 171079 106891
1998 133619 99432
1997 207552 145958
1996 154044 101616
1995 108980 84692
1994 136288 107889
1993 172655 133097
1992 141347 111723
1991 116181 82636
1990 174773 121159
1989 252848 151486
1988 308355 184870
1987 356113 237200
1986 266175 207819
1985 223400 161401
1984 132990 102675
1983 114855 91905
1982 112517 69246
1981 101257 63427
1980 93935 63215
1979 107737 69756
1978 167434 123542
1977 169886 128363
1976 126200 80900
1975 142900 83400
1974 137400 93300
1973 208900 148500
1972 187000 146700
1971 165100 134000
1970 175900 136000
1969 215300 173600
1968 198300 155400
1967 181400 146500
1966 204200 179700
1965 127400 101600
1964 153000 138600
1963 125800 110500
1962 169200 133800
1961 201300 131800
1960 196900 154300
1959 207500 171500
1958 301900 226100
1957 312700 292700
A) ENTER THE DATA INTO THE CHART TOOL (YOU CAN MINIMIZE TYPING BY JUST ENTERING THE DATA IN UNITS OF THOUSANDS SO INSTEAD OF ENTERING 312700 JUST ENTER 312 OR 313 IF YOU WANT TO ROUND UP). INCLUDE YOUR CHART IN YOUR HOMEWORK SUBMISSION AND COMMENT ON THE ENSUING PATTERN OF THE DATA THAT YOU NOTICE.
B) COMPUTE THE MEANS AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS OVER THE ENTIRE DATA PERIOD (1957-2014) AND USE THE Z-TEST TO SHOW THAT THE COUNTS AT MCNARY DAM ARE SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER THAN AT THE DALLES DAM.
C) FOR JUST THE DALLES DAM COUNTS: COMPUTE THE AVERAGE AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE COUNTS BETWEEN THE PERIOD 2001- 2014 AND FROM 1957-1999. USE THE Z-TEST TO DETERMINE IF THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE TWO TIME PERIODS.
D)FROM THE RESULT YOU JUST GOT ABOVE, WHAT DOES THIS TELL YOU ABOUT THE RELATION BETWEEN DAMS AND DECREASING SALMON IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER SYSTEM. OFFER A DATA INFORMED OPINION AND NOT YOUR PERSONAL OPINION.
E) COMPARED TO THE 2001-2014 PERIOD (AGAIN DALLES DAM) ARE THE LOW COUNTS OBSERVED IN 2007 STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT? IF SO, WHAT FACTORS IN THAT YEAR DO YOU THINK MIGHT HAVE CAUSED THIS (TEMPORARY) DECLINE (DO SOME RESEARCH TO SUPPORT YOUR STATEMENTS)
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