Chat with us, powered by LiveChat For this assignment, you must identify a public health issue to tackle or address. You will be required to research the current | Wridemy

For this assignment, you must identify a public health issue to tackle or address. You will be required to research the current

For this assignment, you must identify a public health issue to tackle or address. You will be required to research the current and relevant data and statistics about your selected public health problem or issue. 

Ask yourself what you would like to improve. 

The review will be a two-page narrative (definitely no more than 5 pages), work for conciseness.  Reference and in paper citations should be formatted in APA style.

You are encouraged to review published journal articles to identify components of a proper literature review/introduction for your public health advocacy plan.  This EPI Review serves as an introduction to the health problem that you will address.

Epidemiological Review Writing your literature review

Dr. Hayes 

Learning  Objectives

• Introduction to the Epidemiological Review • Define important terms • Discuss the epidemiological assessment • Discuss other assessments • Explain statistics and vital statistics  • Identify data and information sources  • Discuss the presentation of assessment • Establish the importance of your issue.

Epidemiological Review 

• Epidemiological review is the process of identifying and understanding  your problem.

• Epidemiology is used to perform public health’s assessments. • Epidemiology is the study of patterns of disease occurrence in human  populations and the factors that influence the patterns.

• Epidemiology review is important in Public Health Communications  because it consists of the data, statistics and facts that explain what is  happening in the area of interest (i.e. Elderly long‐term care, COVID‐19  testing, Dementia or health insurance).

• Conducting such a review of the health environment is a part of identifying  the broad problem(s) that need to be addressed.

Important  Epidemiological  Terms

• Disease or health outcome = what’s being studied • Frequency = count of the number of cases; 2 types are  incidence & prevalence

• Incidence = the rate of new cases of a disease in a  defined population over a defined period of time (i.e.  information typically reported to your local state health  department)

• Prevalence = total number of cases existing in a defined  population at a specific time. • A disease can have high incidence but low  prevalence, if people recover quickly. 

• Distribution = comprised of answers to the who, when  and where the disease or health outcome is found

• Population at risk = who are those that are most affected  or face the greatest risk (i.e., lung cancer among lifelong  smokers)

• Rate = number of cases related to the size of the  population; raw numbers

Important  Epidemiological  Terms

• Death rates or mortality rates = incidence of  death due to the condition or outcome; used as  a measure of frequency for fatalities. Generally  expressed as number of deaths per 1,000  individuals.

• Determinants = factors impacting the disease  or outcome; such as one’s diet is increasing the  amount of sugar intake and increasing the risk  of onset diabetes.

• Life expectancy = the average number of years  of life remaining for a person of a particular  age. 

• Premature mortality = is years of potential life  lost (YPLL). 

• Human populations = the participants, subjects  and volunteers for studies.

Epidemiological Assessment 

Importantly, in the writing you will establish what is the health issue? • Heart disease, HIV, COVID‐19, Diabetes, Obesity or more..

You will need to do this through an assessment that uses the terms presented to  explain the epidemiological environment surrounding your public health issue.          Next, you will want demonstrate your knowledge of the following: WHO WHEN WHERE

WHO?

• Who ?  = characterize the affected (disease, exposure,  treatment, service, etc.) individuals  by such factors as  age, sex, race and economic status. • For example, the incidences of cancer and heart disease  are greater in the elderly; Young people have a  mortality rate from measles that is two times higher  than other groups.

WHEN?

• When? = involves the tracking of the disease and infectious outbreak. • To address the “when”, must look for trends in disease frequency  over time;  • Is the incidence increasing, decreasing or remaining stable?

• An epidemic curve is often created to show the number of cases  appearances over a given span of time. • The point of most of the exposure at the given time, point of  origination.

• Failing to monitor or identify these trends can lead to a “Pandemic”.

Where?

• Where? = looks at the specific locations, countries, states, counties and other  geographical areas where the disease exists or originated.

• A term that you may have been hearing lately • HOTSPOTS (areas of the state in which the COVID‐19 disease is increasing). • i.e., Forrest and Hinds counties

• The most people at a given time in the same location. Origination point. • Wuhan, China

Statistics

• Vital part of public health assessment  function • Statistics is used to identify special risk  groups, to detect new health threats, to  plan public health program and evaluate  their success and prepare government  budgets. • Raw material for research on  epidemiology, environmental health,  social and behavioral health and for the  health care system.  • National Center for Health Statistics,  federal agency responsible 

Vital  Statistics

• Vital statistics such as births and deaths are the  most basic, reliable and complete data  collected.   • State and local health departments is  generally responsible for collecting these  reports and transmitting the to the National  Center for Health Statistics

• The Census is data collected through the vital  statistics system and converted for public  health purposes. 

• Statistical data can be acquired through  primary (you collect the numbers yourself) or  secondary (analyze data from credible and  trusted sources that are available.

Other Types of Assessments

• Social = a wide variety of cultural traditions, health beliefs, and practices play a vital part  of how important a health issue becomes and how it will be communicated appropriately.

• Behavioral =  characteristics and causes of actions and motives. Do actions suggest a  willingness to adhere or support the health issue.  • E.g., examining cults that practice female cutting or individuals that chew tobacco • Inherent  

• Educational = knowledge, attitudes, normative perceptions of an issue as well as the level  of formalized schooling. What type of information has been shared.  • Learned 

• Administrative/Policy = examining the current laws and mandates regarding your issue.   Identifying the individuals who champion or fight the issue. 

Finding the  Literature

• Reliable data can significantly improve your  assessments and help to validate the  importance of your health issue.  • Should read extensively on the problem area  that you have selected. • Immerse yourself in the current findings. • Look at academic journals (research articles). • Reference credible sources such as the  CDC.gov or the USDHHS.gov, and other  trusted reports. • Identify source for research, evidence‐based  information on a public health issue, e.g.  Pubmed.gov or Google Scholar 

The Purpose of the Public Advocacy Plan

• The purpose of the public advocacy plan is to… • Increase the number of senior care long‐term facilities reimbursements  under Medicare.

• Increase screening for COVID‐19 among young people in the justice system. • The purpose needs to be clear about what you plan to accomplish. • No one health issue or cause is more important than the next; unless, you  make the case for its importance.  Do so with your statistics and data and  thorough representation of what the current environment is like pertaining  to your issue.

• This is completed through a brief to comprehensive assessment of the  epidemiological, social, behavioral, and administrative/policy assessments.

Summary 

• Epidemiological review is the process of understanding the diverse environment  influence a particular health issue. 

• Epidemiology review is important in Public Health Communications because it  consists of the data, statistics and facts that explain what is happening in the area  of interest (i.e. Elderly long‐term care, COVID‐19 testing, Dementia or health  insurance).

• Many terms are important and provide a view of the current disease or health  state.

• The summarization of the facts, data and statistics to address who, when and  where the disease is occurring should establish the importance and significance of  the health issue.

Assignment 2 – Epidemiological  Literature  Review

Epidemiological Literature Review/Research  (100 pts.) • For this assignment, you must identify a public  health issue to tackle or address. You will be  required to research the current and relevant data  and statistics about your selected public health  problem or issue.

• Ask yourself what would you like to improve. • The review will be two pages maximum. Reference  and in paper citations should be formatted in APA  style.

• You are encouraged to review published journal  articles to identify components of a proper literature  review/introduction for your public health advocacy  plan. This EPI Review serves as an introduction to  the health problem that you will address.

References

Edberg, M. and Riegelman, R. (2015). Essentials of Health Behavior, Social  and Behavioral Theory in Public Health. 2nd edition. Jones and Bartlett  Learning. Burlington, MA.  Patten, M.L. (2010). Proposing Empirical Research: A Guide to the  Fundamentals. 4th edition. Pyrczak Publishing. California. Schneider, M.J. (2014).  Introduction to Public Health. 4th edition. Jones &  Barlett Learning. Burlington, MA. 

Questions? [email protected]

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