09 Oct In 6-8 pages develop an argument about the key factors determining su
Assignment
In 6-8 pages develop an argument about the key factors determining successful
presidential leadership in the modern era (FDR forward). Your argument should be
deeply rooted in the scholarly literature on the presidency. Develop your argument in
more detail by exploring two cases where a president attempted to provide leadership in
some way. The cases that you select should be narrow (e.g. FDR and the passage of the
Social Security Act rather than FDR and the New Deal). You only have a few short pages
to discuss each case and it is better to be an inch wide and a mile deep than a mile wide
and an inch deep. I think that the easiest way to do this would be to choose a policy or
action widely viewed as a historical success and another that is widely viewed as a
historical failure (e.g. Truman’s Marshall Plan and Nixon’s invasion of Cambodia).
However, you do not need to follow this mold. You could also compare two successes or
two failures.
Research Paper Assignment Sheet Assignment In 6-8 pages develop an argument about the key factors determining successful presidential leadership in the modern era (FDR forward). Your argument should be deeply rooted in the scholarly literature on the presidency. Develop your argument in more detail by exploring two cases where a president attempted to provide leadership in some way. The cases that you select should be narrow (e.g. FDR and the passage of the Social Security Act rather than FDR and the New Deal). You only have a few short pages to discuss each case and it is better to be an inch wide and a mile deep than a mile wide and an inch deep. I think that the easiest way to do this would be to choose a policy or action widely viewed as a historical success and another that is widely viewed as a historical failure (e.g. Truman’s Marshall Plan and Nixon’s invasion of Cambodia). However, you do not need to follow this mold. You could also compare two successes or two failures. In the development of your mini-case studies, you should draw heavily from the Green Library’s large collection of newspapers (available online). For each case, you should be citing from The New York Times and other online newspaper databases from the week surrounding the event. This will help give your cases much more depth. I also encourage you to find other supplemental sources like presidential biographies, journal articles, academic books, primary documents, and oral histories about the actual event to bolster your arguments. Due Date and Time • October 23, 2022 General Paper Requirements • 6-8 pages (excluding title page and references), double-spaced, 12-point Times New Roman font, and 1” margins. • No fewer than 7 references. • Students will use the Chicago Manual of Style’s “author-date” system for their in- text citations and references. o Some hypothetical examples of in-text citations: ▪ Author’s name in-text (paraphrased or direct quote) • Jones (2011, 14) shows that “the adoption of Twitter occurs more rapidly during election years.” ▪ Author’s name not in-text (paraphrased or direct quote) • The author shows that “the adoption of Twitter occurs more rapidly during election years” (Jones 2011, 14). ▪ String of authors
• Research on Twitter adoption shows that MCs use the tool more aggressively during election years (Barnaby 2010; Jones 2011; Kelley and Gregg 2011; Peterson et al. 2011). o Some hypothetical examples of references: ▪ Book • Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. New York: Simon & Schuster. ▪ Journal article • Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235. ▪ Newspaper article • Manjoo, Farhad. 2017. “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera.” New York Times, March 8, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap- makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the- camera.html. Suggested Organization • Introduction (~1 page) • Determinants of Successful Presidential Leadership (~1 page) • Case 1 (w/ focus on how the events highlight the determinants you identify; ~2 pages) • Case 2 (w/ focus on how the events highlight the determinants you identify; ~2 pages) • Conclusion (~1 page) • References Useful Resources Related to the Assignment • Green Library’s online newspaper databases • Green Library’s catalog of books • Miller Center’s oral history projects • Presidential Libraries • Google Scholar key word searches to identify books and journal articles Academic Integrity
quotation or paraphrase – you need to cite and reference them properly (please see the section on in-text parenthetical citations in the research paper’s assignment sheet for more details). All direct quotations must be placed in quotation marks.
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WRITING ADVICE
Prompt
In 6-8 pages develop an argument about the key factors determining successful presidential leadership in the modern era (FDR forward). Your argument should be deeply rooted in the scholarly literature on the presidency. Develop your argument in more detail by exploring two cases where a president attempted to provide leadership in some way. The cases that you select should be narrow (e.g. FDR and the passage of the Social Security Act rather than FDR and the New Deal).
Prompt (cont.)
You only have a few short pages to discuss each case and it is better to be an inch wide and a mile deep than a mile wide and an inch deep. I think that the easiest way to do this would be to choose a policy or action widely viewed as a historical success and another that is widely viewed as a historical failure (e.g. Truman’s Marshall Plan and Nixon’s invasion of Cambodia). However, you do not need to follow this mold. You could also compare two successes or two failures.
Prompt (cont.)
In the development of your mini-case studies, you should draw heavily from the Green Library’s large collection of newspapers (available online). For each case, you should be citing from The New York Times and other online newspaper databases from the week surrounding the event. This will help give your cases much more depth. I also encourage you to find other supplemental sources like presidential biographies, journal articles, academic books, primary documents, and oral histories about the actual event to bolster
What do you need?
A theory of presidential leadership developed from the scholarly literature • Two interesting cases that you’ll analyze in light of that theory
Developing a theory
Look for books and articles about presidential leadership • Look for useful references in the “suggested readings” section of your textbook • Where do you start? http://library.fiu.edu • Search books for “presidential leadership” or other important key terms that you might be interested in • Sign in from off campus to have access to articles (“Log in for Access” on the yellow toolbar) • Go to “Find > A-Z List > G > Google Scholar” to make your way to Google Scholar from off campus
What about the cases?
Explore the appendix in Greenstein (233-274) • Read newspapers from the time • Produce copies or directly transcribe into a Word document with the information that you will need for citations and references • “Blah, blah, blah… Marshall Plan…” (Greg A. Halpriggs, “The Marshall Plan,” NY Times, March 27th, 1948, Section A-11, Paragraph 4). Not an actual citation or reference (just the info you will eventually need) • Look for scholarly works on the cases in the same way that you did for your theory
Organization
Write a strong thesis statement that clearly elaborates your main argument and organizes your paper: • Ex. “Ultimately, the paper contends that the failure of President Nixon’s invasion of Cambodia and the success of President Truman’s Marshall Plan hinged on three important elements of presidential leadership: (1) communication with the public, (2) the partisan makeup of Congress, and (3) the organization of the president’s staff.”• WARNING: this thesis statement is 100% hypothetical – I’m not sure whether or not these events actually hinged on these elements of presidential leadership! The purpose here is just to show you how useful your thesis can be for organization and argumentation. And what it should look like.
What does this tell us?
Your argument about the success or failure of the cases • Your argument about the key elements that are important for presidential leadership • It also tells your reader the organization of the paper! • See suggested organization in the syllabus • Case 1 • Brief overview • Evidence for element #1 (communication) • Evidence for element #2 (makeup of Congress) • Evidence for element #3 (organization/advisors) • Case 2 • Same as above…
Suggested organization (from the syllabus)
Introduction (~1 page) • Theory / Determinants of Successful Presidential Leadership (~1 page) • Discuss the scholarly literature that led you to adopt the thesis you elaborated in the introduction… • Case 1 (~2 pages) • Explain the event with a focus on how the case highlights the determinants identified in your theory. • Case 2 (~2 pages) • See case 1. • Conclusion (~1 page)
Citations
Author’s name in-text (paraphrased) • Jones (2011, 14) shows that the adoption of Twitter occurs more rapidly during election years. • Author’s name in-text (direct quote) • Jones (2011, 14) shows that “the adoption of Twitter occurs more rapidly during election years.” • Author’s name not in-text (paraphrased and direct quote) • The author shows that the adoption of Twitter occurs more rapidly during election years (Jones 2011, 14). • String of authors: • Research on Twitter adoption shows that MCs use the tool more aggressively during election years (Barnaby 2010; Jones 2011; Kelley and Gregg 2011; Peterson et al. 2011).
References
The citations give me enough information to find the reference at the back of the paper and let me know where to look within the reference • Book reference example: • Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. 2007. The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945. New York: Knopf. • Article reference example: • Weinstein, Joshua I. 2009. “The Market in Plato’s Republic.” Classical Philology 104: 439–58. • Use the Chicago Manual of Style’s “author-date” system for your citations and references (see here)
Plagiarism
Please review your student handbook’s section on academic dishonesty and plagiarism. • Do not use the language or ideas of others without properly attributing credit. • All direct quotes must be in quotation marks.
General advice on writing
Mix up complex and simple sentences • Read your paper out loud • Work hard on organization and clarity • You should paraphrase more than you use direct quotes • Don’t paraphrase when taking the quote out of its original language would do harm (e.g. definitions) • Paraphrasing will help you maintain a consistent tone and style throughout the paper (yours!) • Topic sentences, transitions • Edit, edit, edit
Problems
Topics are too broad / not clear • Tendency to add more topics along the way • Big topics – hard to maintain focus • Make sure your cases are somewhat narrow and relatively time-bound (discussing your topic in office hours can help!) • Lack of rigor in developing the theory, building the case, and connecting the two
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