02 Dec Imagine you are a talk show host and interview the main character (s) from the readings. Prepare at least 9 questions and answers designed to help your audience members learn about the ch
*THEMES: A Nation of Laws and Movements, Equal Opportunity, Muhammad Ali, Angela Davis, Malcolm X, etc.
*Imagine you are a talk show host and interview the main character (s) from the readings. Prepare at least 9 questions and answers designed to help your audience members learn about the characters and their actions in the readings
*PLEASE look at power points & talk show example
*No specific word count
Teatime with Miranda
If I were to interview Susie King Taylor these are the questions I would ask. I would also call my talk show teatime with Miranda.
SKT= Susie King Taylor and M= Miranda
M: Where are you from Mrs. Taylor?
SKT: Well I was born a slave but freed by my master as a child and went to live with my grandmother in Savannah. My grandmother had been freed by the same master.
M: And how were you educated during a time when Georgia had strict laws against the formal education of African Americans?
SKT: “My brother and I being the two eldest, we were sent to a friend of my grandmother, Mrs. Woodhouse…a free woman… we went in, one at a time, with our books wrapped in paper to prevent the police or white persons from seeing them” After two years, I attended school with a Mrs. Mary Beasley, where I continued until Mar, 1860, when she told my grandmother she had taught me all she knew.” Then my white playmate, Katie O’Connor gave me lessons for about four months every evening, and my grandmother’s landlord’s son gave me a few lessons.
M: How old were you when you got involved with the war?
SKT: I was 14 in 1862 when “my uncle took his family of seven and myself to St. Catherine Island [and] we landed under the protection of the Union fleet.” Then I took charge of a school on St. Simons Island. Not long after I met Captain Trowbridge and became a laundress and a nurse for the First South Carolina Volunteers. I continued to teach reading lessons to the boys at night.
{missionaries from the north provided her with books and the slaves there were freed by the union similar to the port royal experiment}
M: How were the African American troops accepted?
SKT: They weren’t immediately recognized by the war department, and “the first colored troops did not receive any pay for the first 18 months….Finally in 1863 the government decided to give them half pay, but the men would not accept this”
{This relates to the reading in “These Truly are the Brave.” Alexander T. Augusta was the first African American lieutenant colonel, but “White physicians complained to President Lincoln because they did not want to report to a black man (page 43).” Black soldiers did not receive the respect they deserved.}
M: Were they ever given proper monetary compensation for their service?
SKT: Yes, finally in 1864 they were granted full pay and back pay for their time, and in 1872 I got a $100 bounty for my husband’s service.
M: Tell me more about some of the people you worked with.
SKT: Well I worked with Clara Barton to nurse some of our boys, and Fredrick Douglass’ two sons were in the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment which was stationed in the same region as my boys.
{It is interesting that Susie King Taylor mentions Fredericks Douglass’ sons and the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers, because that is also mentioned in “These Truly are the Brave.” Page 80 talks about Lewis Henry Douglass and a letter he wrote home after the battle at Fort Wagner. Susie King Taylor talks about teaching the boys of Douglass’ regiment to read on page 52 and mentions Fort Wagner on page 87.}
M: What did you do after the war?
SKT: I moved back to Savannah and opened up a private school, then I moved to the country and opened up a school there. Then public schools forced me to stop teaching and I found some domestic work. In 1872 I moved up North to Boston, and “in 1886 I helped to organize Corps 67, Women’s Relief Corps” and have continued to be very involved in it.
{During reconstruction public schools were opened for African American children even though their quality was inferior to white public schools}
M: What are your thoughts on the current state of affairs?
SKT: “I sometimes ask myself was the war in vain? Has it brought freedom in the full sense of the word, or has it not made our condition more hopeless? In this land of the free we are burned, tortured, and denied a fair trial, murdered any imaginary wrong conceived in the mind of the negro-hating white man. There is no redress for us from a government that promised to protect all under its flag.”
{Susie King Taylor discusses the rise of Jim Crow and how even though African Americans were no longer enslaved they were still at a great disadvantage and treated poorly. Black codes became Jim Crow Laws. Segregation was also happening. It is sad that blacks still are not treated as equals now in the 21st century.}
M: Wow, so you lived through chattel enslavement, the civil war, reconstruction, and the age of Jim Crow?!
SKT: Yes ma’am. I went from being enslaved myself to being a published author living in Boston.
M: Susie King Taylor’s story is truly remarkable. She has seen more tragic things in her lifetime than many of us ever will, from the horrors of slavery to the horrors of war and the horrors of lynching. She must be one of the bravest humans ever. She even survived three awful boating
incidents. After her first near death experience on a boat, she was not even scared to get back on another boat. Susie King Taylor was incredible. Students should be taught about her and other African American women in schools. She is just as significant if not more significant than Clara Barton. However, I had learned about Clara Barton in primary school, and had never even heard Susie King Taylor’s name before reading her memoir. And that’s the tea !
**All of the Susie King Taylor parts in quotations came word for word from her memoir, “A Black Woman’s Civil War Memories.”
Works Cited
Jimoh, A. Yemisi, and Françoise N. Hamlin. These Truly Are the Brave: an Anthology of African
American Writings on War and Citizenship. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida,
2018.
Taylor, Susie King. A Black Woman's Civil War Memories. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener
Publishers, 1988.
,
EYES ON THE PRIZE: A NATION OF LAWS &
MOVEMENTS
AFAM B201 – Intro to African American Studies
Najmah Thomas, Ph.D.
Admin / Module To-Do List
Reading – Eyes on The Prize Study Guide:
Week 1a Reading – Episodes 11-12
Week 1b Reading – Episodes 13-14
Assignments:
Reading Response due EOD 12/04
Donning of the Kente (Students
Connected Service Learning option; invite 2 guests & attend on 12/05, submit reflection by the 8th = 20 points)
A Nation of Laws & Movements –
Lecture Topics
RECAP: EOTP Episode 10
Timeline of Events
Opening Discussion
A Nation of Laws & Movements:
EOTP Episode 11 (Ain’t Gonna Shuffle No More):
Becoming Ali
Howard University Sit-ins
EOTP Episode 12: (A Nation of Law?): Angela Davis, FBI most wanted
FBI & COINTELPRO
Attica Correctional Facility revolt & suppression
EOTP EP 10 – Recap
We mean business now – Dr.
King’s final speech (April 3,
1968) and 3 strategies for
the movement:
“We’ve got to stay together
and maintain unity.”
“Let us keep the issues
where they are. The issue is
injustice.”
“Let us develop a kind of
dangerous unselfishness.”
EOTP EP 10 – Recap
Announced by Dr. King in November 1967 during SCLC staff retreat at Penn Center
Middle ground between riots and timid supplications for justice
Focused on economic security for African Americans and other disadvantage groups
After King assassination, campaign led by Ralph Abernathy, new SCLC president
Mothers Day (May 12, 1968), DC – Coretta Scott King leads 2000+ women,1st wave of demonstrators
Resurrection City – make-shift living quarters built on the National Mall, protestors remained for month+
Small victories attained – free surplus food for 200 counties, promises by some federal agencies to hire poor people to help run programs
2018 revival of the Campaign, ongoing efforts
Timeline of selected events
May 1966 – Stokely Carmichael elected SNCC national chairman
August 1966 – Escalation of Vietnam War
October 1966, Oakland, CA – Huey Newton and Bobby Seale form the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense
November 1966, St. Helena Is., SC – Dr. King & SCLC meet at Penn Center
April 4, 1967-Dr. King speaks out against the war in Vietnam
April 28, 1967 – Muhammad Ali refuses to be inducted into the U.S. Army
May 1967, Sacramento, CA – Armed Black Panthers protest firearms legislation at the capital
November 1967, Cleveland, OH – Carl Stokes becomes 1st Black mayor for a major US city
February 1968, Washington, DC – Kerner Commission report on economic disparities and racial discrimination
February 8, 1968, Orangeburg, SC – 3 students killed, 27 wounded by police on SCSU campus
February 12, 1968, Memphis, TN – Union of Black sanitation workers strike begins
March 19, 1968 – Howard University students stage 5-day sit-in at university administration building
April 4, 1968, Memphis, TN – Dr. King is assassinated
May 14, 1968, Washington, DC – The Poor People’s Campaign
June 5, 1968, Los Angeles, CA – Senator Robert Kennedy is assassinated
August 1970 – Angela Davis listed on FBI most wanted list
March 1971, Pennsylvania, PA – Activists break in to FBI office and discover documents related to COINTELPRO
September 8, 1971, NY – 1200 inmates take over Attica Correctional Facility; 29 inmates and 10 hostages killed during prison revolt suppression
6
Opening Discussion
EOTP Episode 11: Becoming Ali
Formerly Cassius Clay, 1960 Olympic gold medalist; 1964 heavyweight champion
Close friends with Malcom X, converted to Nation of Islam at height of his career
1967, requested religious exemption from draft (Vietnam conscientious objector)
Stripped of heavy weight title, fined $10K, banned from boxing for 3 years, sentenced 5 years prison (over-turned in 1970 by US Supreme Court, violation of civil rights)
“Why should they ask me to put on a uniform and go ten thousand
miles from home and drop bombs and bullets on brown people in Vietnam while so-called Negro
people in Louisville are treated like dogs and denied simple human
rights? …If I thought the war was going to bring freedom and
equality to 22 million of my people, they wouldn’t have to draft me. I’d join tomorrow. But I either have to obey the laws of the land of the laws of Allah. I have nothing to
lose by standing up for my beliefs. So I’ll go to jail. We’ve been in jail
for four hundred years.”
EOTP Episode 11: Howard University
Sit-In
March 19, 1968 – Washington,
DC
39 students peacefully protest,
are expelled:
Protesting against HBCU education
centered on Western epistemology
Protesting against ‘traditional’ rules
and restrictions (the Black Harvard)
Demands for Black Studies and
Black experience on campus
(Color Us Black!)1:59-4:50
EOTP EP 12 – A Nation of Law?
Exposing and
examining racialized
law enforcement:
Angela Davis, FBI most
wanted
FBI & COINTELPRO
Attica Correctional
Facility revolt &
suppression
“We are all told when we are
young that America is a nation of
laws and not men: that America is
ruled by the law, that justice is
blind, and that it does not
discriminate. That's a myth.
America is a nation of men who
use the law. The law is the
standard of the most powerful
class of society made into a
social, political and economic
code of behavior for all.” –
Dhoruba Bin Wahad, 1990 (former
leader of NY BPP, served 19 years in prison
before conviction was overturned)
Angela Davis, FBI Most Wanted
Born 1/26/44, Birmingham, AL
Growing up in Jim Crow South = feminist, communist, Black revolutionary
Lost friends in the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing
An academic and activist:
Attended Brandeis University, UC San Diego, studied in France and Germany
Joined Communist Party (CPUSA), BPP, and Che- Lumumba (all-Black faction of the Communist Party)
Professor of philosophy at UCLA
‘Political Prisoner’, arrest & response:
Accused of providing weapons used by ‘Soledad brothers’ during deadly riot
Wanted by FBI as ‘terrorist’
17+ months in jail, mostly solitary confinement
Aretha Franklin, John Lennon, James Baldwin, many others mount worldwide freedom campaign
Acquitted of all charges in June 1972
Still continues a life of activism…
FBI & COINTELPRO
COINTELPRO – Counter-intelligence Program 1956 – 1971 (uncovered 3/8/71 in Media, PA during the Ali-v-Frazier fight in NYC):
Goal: disrupt and destroy the Black Freedom Movement
Legal harassment, intimidation, wiretapping, infiltration, smear campaigns (‘fake news’), and blackmail
Resulted in countless prison sentences and, in the case of Black Panther Fred Hampton and others, murder
Tactics employed against every national civil rights organization and antiwar orgs…Students for a Democratic Society, the American Indian Movement, the Puerto Rican Young Lords, others
1975 Church Committee findings & results:
FBI over stepped boundaries
FBI undermined free speech, privacy, other rights
FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) passed to limit secret national security wiretaps
“The purpose of this new
counterintelligence endeavor is
to expose, disrupt, misdirect,
discredit, or otherwise neutralize
the activities of black
nationalist…organizations…their
leadership, spokesmen,
membership, and supporters…”
– J. Edgar Hoover, FBI director for
47+ years…
Attica Prison Revolt
Cause of the revolt – dehumanization:
1,200 inmates, majority Black and Latino suffered deplorable conditions
Openly hostile, all White correctional staff
Solidarity with murdered BPP prisoner at San Quentin
Brutal beatings of prisoners following hunger strike
Demands – humanization:
Toilet paper supply
Increase in wages
Better healthcare services
Response – dehumanization:
Governor Nelson Rockefeller refuses amnesty
State troopers storm the prison
39 people die, ALL victims of police gunfire
Retaliation, inmate tortures detailed in 570-page report (released to public May 2015)
No prosecution of troops, life sentences for inmates
Image source: nytimes.com
Discussion Questions
Inhumane conditions existed
in Attica for decades. Why
did people allow these
conditions to exist? How were
these conditions justified?
What prejudices made it
easy to treat prisoners as
outcasts?
Read Eyes on the Prize – Episodes 13 & 14 before
next session
Next Session: Thursday, December
1st
,
EYES ON THE PRIZE: A NATION OF LAWS &
MOVEMENTS
AFAM B201 – Intro to African American Studies
Najmah Thomas, Ph.D.
Admin / Module To-Do List
Reading – Eyes on The Prize Study Guide:
Week 1b Reading – Episodes 13-14
Assignments:
Reading Response due EOD 12/04
Donning of the Kente (Students
Connected Service Learning option; invite 2 guests & attend on 12/05, submit reflection by the 8th = 20 points)
Extra credit – course evaluations!
Lecture Topics
EOTP EP 11 & 12 RECAP Timeline of selected events
EOTP Episodes 13 & 14: Affirmative Action…and negative reaction:
Johnson’s Executive Order
Boston’s public schools
Atlanta’s airport
UC Davis’ quota case
Hip Hop & The Movement
EOTP EP 11 & 12 RECAP Timeline of selected events
*Closing Discussion!*
Image source: urban.org
A Nation of Laws and Movements
Timeline of selected events: September 24, 1965 – President Johnson signs Executive
Order sanctioning Affirmative Action at federal level
February 8, 1968, Orangeburg, SC – Orangeburg Massacre at SCSU (HBCU campus)
April 4, 1968, Memphis, TN – Dr. King is assassinated, widespread rioting follows
July 31, 1969, Chicago, IL – Police raid Black Panther headquarters, 5 officers and 3 BPP members wounded
December 4, 1969, – Police raid on BPP leader Fred Hampton’s apartment, Hampton and Mark Clark killed
August 1970 – Angela Davis listed on FBI most wanted list
March 1971, Pennsylvania, PA – Activists break in to FBI office and discover documents related to COINTELPRO
September 8, 1971, NY – 1200 inmates take over Attica Correctional Facility; 29 inmates and 10 hostages killed during prison revolt suppression
1972 – 1974 – Black parents in Boston, MA sue the city’s school committee over school segregation; busing authorized to integrate schools, violent anti-busing protests ensue
October, 1973 – Maynard Jackson elected mayor of Atlanta, GA, 1st Black mayor of a major southern city
June 28, 1978 – Supreme Court rules in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke that racial quotas are unconstitutional
4
Image source: racefiles.com
EOTP EP 13 & 14: How to guarantee
equal opportunity for all…?
Affirmative Action
in action:
Johnson’s Executive
Order
Boston’s public
schools
Atlanta’s airport
UC Davis’ quota case
“Together, these policies
transferred more than
$100 billion to create a
modern middle class during
the first decade after the
Second World War.. the
black affirmative action
programs instituted since
1965 in fact were paltry in
their scope and scale
compared to the massive
governmental transfers that
disproportionately aided
whites in the previous three
decades, 1935-65.”
“At the very
moment public
policies were
helping white
Americans, black
Americans were
mainly
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