12 Apr Select a publication or a newspaper article on a pathogen, apply knowledge learned in BIOS242, and write a paper. The goal for this project is: to make connections
Instructions
Objective:
Select a publication or a newspaper article on a pathogen, apply knowledge learned in BIOS242, and write a paper.
The goal for this project is:
- to make connections between concepts learned in the course and what is observed in a health care setting
- to understand real-life applications of Microbiology
Project Parameters:
For this assignment, you will identify a pathogen in a newspaper article or publication of your choice, apply principles learned in BIOS 242, and research the pathogen for its connection to nursing/health care. You must get approval for your chosen article and pathogen. You will then write a paper on their chosen pathogen/topic. Use the template hyperlinked above when writing your paper.
The pathogen can be a bacteria, fungus, protozoa, or virus. In addition to the article, information to include in the paper should include, morphology, gram stain characteristics, virulence factors, susceptibility to antibiotics, host cells, nutritional needs, growth conditions, mechanisms used to evade the immune system and invasion into the host(s), interactions with the hosts and diseases caused and affected body systems. Additionally, students should explain symptoms when the pathogen infects a host, as well as a diagnosis and the therapeutic intervention needed after infection. You may also add information on statistics related to infection (epidemiology) and any new research findings related to the pathogen.
Requirements
Writing Requirements (APA format)
- Length: 2 pages (not including title page or references page)
- 1-inch margin
- Double spaced
- 12-point Times New Roman font
- Title page
- References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources
1
RUNNING HEADER
NAME
CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
DATE
Abstract
Overall summary of the most important details of the article summary and pathogen information. (5-7 sentences)
Article Summary
Summary of approved article in your own words (5-7 sentences)
Pathogen Information
Classification of microorganism- Domain- prokaryote or eukaryote or virus, general characteristics of the family and genus to which this pathogen belongs- for example virus can have different extra cellular or intracellular forms, bacteria can be endospore forming, capsule producing, eukaryotes can have another host. Include how it relates to the information covered in class- which chap number and what was taught.
Cellular/ structural (in case of viruses) characteristics. Add information here about morphology, cellular characteristics, genome (RNA or DNA in case of viruses) and gram stain characteristics, virulence factors. Explain why this information is important. Include how it relates to the information covered in class- which chap number and what was taught.
Susceptibility to antibiotics/ antiviral or antifungals. Describe the class of antimicrobial drug, and why they are effective in destroying these microbes and why is this particular drug more effective based on their structure. What is the mode of action for viral or eukaryotic infection? Antibiotic resistance can also be described here, if applicable to the organism. Include how it relates to the information covered in class- which chap number and what was taught.
Growth conditions. Host cells, nutritional needs, growth conditions. Use the relevant vocabulary discussed in this class: nutritional needs – phototroph, chemotroph, autotroph, heterotroph; growth conditions- barophile, halophile, psychrophile, etc. pathogen like mammals, birds, reptiles or secondary hosts in protozoan parasites. Types of life cycle- lytic or latent. Include how it relates to the information covered in class- which chap number and what was taught.
Evasion of immune system. Describe how it evades the immune system and mode of invasion into the host(s). This should be related to the virulence factors described in cellular characteristics. Include how it relates to the information covered in class- which chap number and what was taught.
Disease(s) caused, symptoms, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions. Describe interactions with the hosts and diseases caused and body systems that are affected; description of symptoms when the pathogen infects a host; and diagnosis used in clinical setting to identify infection, the principle of dignostic technique and therapeutic intervention needed. Include how it relates to the information covered in class- which chap number and what was taught.
THE ABOVE INFORMATION SHOULD BE 2 PAGES LONG
References
Reference 1 in the current APA format.
Reference 2 in the current APA format.
,
Bacterial Diseases of the Digestive System
|
Disease |
Causative Agent |
Virulence Factors of the Pathogen |
Symptoms |
Transmission |
|
Dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal disease |
Streptococcus mutans a frequent cause of caries Porphyromonas gingivalis causes periodontal disease.
|
Dextran and pili allow biofilm formation on tooth. Proteases break down gingival tissue. |
Caries: holes or pits in the teeth Periodontal disease: swollen or bleeding gums, gums that are tender to the touch and appear shiny, or gums that appear bright red or red-purple in color, with loose teeth and a foul breath odor. |
Diets high in sucrose increase risk of decay.
|
|
Peptic Ulcers
|
Helicobacter pylori
|
Flagella enable burrowing through stomach lining. Adhesins facilitate attachment to gastric cells Urease neutralizes stomach acid. |
Abdominal pain
|
Fecal-oral transmission likely. Stress may worsen ulcer symptoms |
|
Bacterial Gastroenteritis
|
Presence of bacteria in the stomach |
No particular virulence factors |
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramps Dysentery produces loose, frequent stool containing mucus and blood.
|
Associated with contaminated food or water and poor living conditions |
|
Traveler's Diarrhea |
Escherichia coli |
Enterotoxins, adhesins, fimbriae, and various toxins (e.g., Shiga-like toxin), Type III secretion system |
Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting
|
Fecally contaminated food or water |
|
Campylobacter Diarrhea
|
Campylobacter jejuni (most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis) |
Adhesins, cytotoxins, endotoxin
|
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramps Dysentery produces loose, frequent stool containing mucus and blood. Confirmed by presence of bacteria in the stool |
Chickens are the main source of human infections. |
|
C. diff. (Antimicrobial-Associated) Diarrhea
|
Clostridium difficile
|
Antimicrobial use facilitates overgrowth of C. difficile C. difficile produces two toxins: Toxin A and Toxin B |
Watery, foul-smelling bowel movements Pseudomembranous colitis occurs in severe cases |
Byproduct of modern medicine Any antimicrobial can trigger disease. |
|
Salmonellosis and Typhoid Fever
|
Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium |
Bacteria tolerate acidity of stomach and pass to the intestine. Toxins disrupt numerous cellular activities. |
High fever (40°C), headache, muscle and stomach pain, malaise, loss of appetite, rose-colored spots |
Typhoid fever acquired by contaminated food or water Salmonellosis often acquired by consuming contaminated eggs |
|
Cholera |
Vibrio cholerae
|
Cholera toxin Type III secretion system Shiga toxin |
"Rice-water" stool |
|
|
Bacterial Food Poisoning (Intoxication)
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Five enterotoxins
|
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping
|
Outbreaks associated with social functions |
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