26 Apr What is Nutrition and Why is Good Nutrition So Important?
Please write 2 paragraphs PER QUESTION.
Information for the paper is attached down.
Favorite chapter is chapter 15 which is attached down
Extra Credit Paper
Requirements: Please write a MAXIMUM of 2 paragraphs PER QUESTION BELOW (max of 8 paragraphs total for the whole paper). With that said, I am looking for you all to answer the questions with quality over quantity. Writing only 1 paragraph per question DOES NOT mean that you won’t get full credit. Please read the questions and the requirements stared below in red. If you don’t answer what I am asking and reference chapter slides when needed, a deduction will be made. Please email me should you have any questions.
***For Parts 1 & 2, PLEASE USE SPECIFIC EXAMPLES FROM THE SLIDES AND STATE WHAT CHAPTER IT WAS FROM (you do not have to reference a particular slide, just tell me what chapter)***
Due Date: SUN APRIL 30th on Blackboard by 11:59PM. Upload the paper as a PDF ONLY under the “Extra Credit Paper” tab in Blackboard under the “Submit Extra Credit Paper Here” tab. The paper is on a rolling admission, meaning you can submit it anytime between the last day that it is due BUT YOU MUST READ THROUGH ALL THE SLIDES BEFORE YOU DO SO.
Questions:
PART 1 (30 POINTS)
the course?
PART 2 (30 POINTS)
(and possibly not backed by science) and/or a myth that is often believed/portrayed?
PART 3 (20 POINTS) Has what you learned changed your eating habits and/or mentality towards foods?
PART 4 (20 POINTS)
learning from this class, what would it be? Why have you chosen this quote?
,
Hi all!! Should you want a PowerPoint copy of the notes, click on my face wherever you see it in the slides to hear my beautiful voice OR play it as a slide-show. If you prefer the MP4 video format, simply click play and watch along
**
1
My Background
BS
Department of Exercise Science
Pi Epsilon Kappa Physical Honor Society
ACSM Student Bowl Participant
Open House & Accepted Students Day Representative
MS
Program in Nutrition & Exercise Physiology
Leader/Organizer of the “Health Nuts”
Nutrition and Exercise Physiology Club
Youth Yankees Camp Presenter
Dietetic Internship
New York City Football Club (NYCFC)
New York Giants
Columbia University Athletics
Norwalk Community College
DI
Registered Dietitian
Norwalk Community College
Nutrition Energy
Army West Point Sports Dietitian
RD
Nutrition & You
Fifth Edition
Chapter 1 Lecture
What Is Nutrition?
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
3
Objectives for Chapter 1
1.1 Discuss the factors that influence your food choices.
1.2 Define the term nutrition.
1.3 Differentiate between the six categories of essential nutrients found in food and in the body.
1.4 Understand the importance of a well-balanced diet in meeting your daily nutrient needs.
1.5 Discuss the current nutritional state of the American diet.
1.6 Understand the scientific method that is involved in nutrition research and identify reliable sources of nutrition information.
Food Choices
What Drives Our Food Choices?
We need to eat and drink to obtain:
Nutrients: chemical compounds in foods to provide fuel for energy, growth, and maintenance, and to regulate body processes
Six classes:
Carbohydrates, fats, protein: provide energy in the form of kilocalories
Kilocalories = calories
Vitamins, minerals, water: help regulate many body processes, including metabolism
Food also provides nonnutrient compounds that contribute to health and may play a role in fighting chronic diseases
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
What Drives Our Food Choices?
We choose foods for many other reasons beyond the basic need to obtain nutrients:
Taste and culture (examples?)
Social reasons and trends (examples?)
Cost, time, and convenience (examples?)
Habits and emotions (examples?)
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7
Many Factors Influence Your Food Choices
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Nutrition 101
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What is Nutrition and Why is Good Nutrition So Important?
Nutrition: the science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions and health
Chronic deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances of nutrients can affect health
Nutrition plays a role in reducing the risk of many chronic diseases and conditions, including heart disease, cancer, and stroke
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Leading Causes of Death in the United States
Disease/Cause of Death
Heart Disease
Cancer
Respiratory Diseases
Accidents
Stroke
Alzheimer’s Disease
Diabetes
Influenza/Pneumonia
Kidney Disease
Why are these highlighted??
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Top leading causes of death and which are nutrition related
11
What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?
Macronutrients: energy-yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts
Carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and proteins
Micronutrients: needed in smaller amounts
Vitamins and minerals
Water: needed daily for hydration
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Nutrients and Their Functions
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What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Provide energy
One kilocalorie equals the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius
Carbohydrates and protein provide 4 kilocalories/gram
Fats provide 9 kilocalories/gram
Are organic compounds (contain carbon atoms)
Also contain hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Proteins also contain nitrogen atoms (unlike carbohydrates and fats)
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What is a calorie?
14
What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?
Carbohydrates supply glucose, a major energy source
Fats are another major fuel source and also:
Cushion organs
Insulate body to maintain body temperature
Proteins can provide energy but are better suited for:
Growth and maintenance of muscle, tissues, organs
Making hormones, enzymes, healthy immune system
Transporting other nutrients
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CHO main source of glucose to the brain
Importance of fat in diet
Do not want to rely on protein for energy/fuel source bc want to use for functions of the body (When might we use protein as fuel/energy)
15
What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?
To calculate the amount of energy a food provides:
Multiply the total grams of a nutrient by the number of calories per gram
1 gram of carbohydrate or protein = 4 calories
1 gram of fat = 9 calories
8 g Carbohydrates
+
3 g Protein
+
3 g Fat
32kcal
12kcal
27kcal
71kcal
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Example using food
16
What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?
Vitamins and minerals are essential for metabolism
Many assist enzymes in speeding up chemical reactions in the body
Example: B vitamins are coenzymes in carbohydrate and fat metabolism
Vitamins are organic compounds that usually have to be obtained from food
Minerals are inorganic substances
Key roles in body processes and structures
What vitamin can the body make??
How???
What is its importance????
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Some vitamins the body can make on its own (Name one and how, importance)
17
What Are the Essential Nutrients and Why Do You Need Them?
Water is vital for many processes in your body
Part of fluid medium inside and outside of cells
Helps chemical reactions, such as those involved in energy production
Helps maintain body temperature
Key role in transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing waste products
Lubricant for joints, eyes, mouth, intestinal tract
Protective cushion for organs
How much better do you feel when you drink enough water!!
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Half body weight in pounds turned into fluid ounces
Difference you feel when adequately hydrated
18
How Should You Get These Important Nutrients?
The best way to meet your nutrient needs is with a well-balanced diet that includes:
Essential nutrients from all six classes
Also includes fiber and phytochemicals, which have been shown to help fight many diseases
Phytochemicals (over 10,000!!)
Nonnutritive compounds in plant foods that may play a role in fighting chronic diseases.
Fiber (soluble and in-souble)
The portion of plant foods that isn’t digested in the small intestine
Whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are rich sources
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How Should You Get These Important Nutrients?
A supplement may be beneficial:
When nutrient needs are higher
Example: pregnant women may need a multivitamin supplement to meet increased needs
When dietary restrictions exist
Example: vegan dietary lifestyle might warrant a Vitamin B-12 supplement
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BUT NOT NECCESARY
20
Nutrition and Health
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How Does the Average American Diet Stack up?
High in:
Added sugar, sodium, saturated fat, calories
1 teaspoon equals 4 grams of sugar
Americans consume ~ 17 teaspoons of added sugar
Low in:
Vitamin D, calcium, potassium, fiber
Iron: women fall short
9 teaspoons for Men
6 teaspoons for Women
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AHA recommend max of 9 teaspoon for men and 6 teaspoon for women
Low in Vit D and the body makes it
22
How Does the Average American Diet Stack up?
Incidence of overweight and obesity is on the rise
Adults
70 percent are overweight and of those, approximately 40 percent are obese
Children
16 percent of children ages 2–19 are overweight
17 percent are considered obese
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23
How Does the Average American Diet Stack up?
High rates of overweight and obesity
Overweight does not equate to well fed; many of the poorest Americans are obese and malnourished
Potential Causes
Consuming more calories than needed
Burning fewer calories due to sedentary lifestyles
Potential Effects
Increased rate of type 2 diabetes (especially in children), heart disease, cancer, and stroke
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Overweight does not equate to well fed; many of the poorest Americans are obese and
malnourished. HOW??
24
Nutrition Research
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What's the Real Deal When It Comes to Nutrition Research and Advice?
Newspaper headlines and television news items that report results of a single research study can be misleading
In contrast, advice from authoritative health and nutrition organizations is based on:
Consensus: the opinion of group of experts based on collection of information
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
How Can I Evaluate Nutrition News?
Before making dietary and lifestyle changes based on media reports, read with a critical eye and ask:
Was the research finding published in a peer-reviewed journal?
Was the study done using animals or humans?
Do the study participants resemble me?
Is this the first time I've heard about this?
Wait until research findings are confirmed and consensus is reached by reputable health organizations before making changes
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Sound Nutrition Research Begins with the Scientific Method
Scientific method: process used by scientists to generate sound research findings
Step 1: observe, ask questions, and formulate a hypothesis (idea based on observation)
Step 2: conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis
Step 3: share findings in a peer-reviewed journal (research publication for scientists)
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A Hypothesis Can Lead to a Scientific Consensus
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Research Studies and Experiments Confirm Hypotheses
Observational research: involves looking at factors in two or more groups of subjects to see if there is a relationship to certain health outcomes
Epidemiological research: study of populations of people
Example: Relationship of sun exposure and incidence of rickets in Norway compared with Australia
May be due to other unidentified diet or lifestyle factors
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Research Studies and Experiments Confirm Hypotheses
Experimental research: involves at least two groups of subjects
Experimental group: given a specific treatment
Control group: given a placebo ("sugar pill")
Double-blind placebo-controlled experiment is "gold standard"
Neither scientists nor subjects know which group is receiving which treatment
All variables held the same and controlled for both groups
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Experimental Research Experiment
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Nutrition and Genes
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What Is Nutritional Genomics?
Nutritional genomics: a field of study that researches the relationship between nutrition and genomics (the study of genes and gene expression)
Example: certain dietary components in foods can cause different response in another person.
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What Is Nutritional Genomics?
Nutritional Genomics
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Who to Trust
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What is the difference between a Dietitian and a Nutritionist???
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You Can Trust the Advice of Nutrition Experts
Registered Dietitian (R D N): completed at least a bachelor's degree at an accredited U . S. college or university and a supervised practice, and passed a national exam administered by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
They have an understanding of medical nutrition therapy, which is an integration of nutrition counseling and dietary changes based on an individual's medical history and current health needs to improve that person's health.
Nutritionist: might have a “degree” in nutrition but is not an R D N (if they didn't complete supervised practice, s/he is not eligible to take the A N D exam)
Be wary of anyone who calls themselves a nutritionist, as this is a generic term, which means s/he may have taken few or no accredited courses in nutrition
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You Can Obtain Accurate Nutrition Information on the Internet
National Institutes of Health (N I H) 10 questions to consider when viewing a health-related website:
Who runs the site?
Who pays for the site?
What is the purpose of the site?
Where does the information come from?
What is the basis of the information?
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You Can Obtain Accurate Nutrition Information on the Internet
Is the information reviewed by experts?
How current is the information?
How does the site choose links to other sites?
How does the site collect and handle personal information? Is the site secure?
Can you communicate with the owner of the website
Is it safe to link to Twitter or Facebook through a website?
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Nutrition in the Real World: Watch out!
Beware of health quackery and fraud
To avoid falling for scams, watch for "red flags" that try to convince you that:
There is a quick fix for what ails you
Their product causes miraculous cures
One product does it all
You can lose weight in a short amount of time without dieting or exercising
Other folks are claiming that the product worked for them
The F D A's health fraud website helps consumers identify scams and fraud ( www.consumer.ftc.gov/scam-alerts)
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Dr. Oz
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Nutrition & You
Fifth Edition
Chapter 15 Lecture
Life Cycle Nutrition: Toddlers through the Later Years
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Slides in this presentation contain hyperlinks. JAWS users should be able to get a list of links by using INSERT+F7
1
Objectives for Chapter 15
15.1 Describe young children's nutrient needs, and discuss some of the nutrition-related issues they face
15.2 Describe school-aged children's nutrient needs, and discuss some of the nutrition-related issues they face, including childhood obesity.
15.3 Describe adolescents' nutrient needs, and discuss some of the nutrition related issues they face, including disordered eating.
15.4 Summarize the nutrient needs of older adults and discuss some of the nutritional-related health concerns common of the age.
15.5 Describe the physical, economic, and psychological factors that can affect the health of older Americans.
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What Are the Issues Associated with Feeding Young Children?
Two age-groups of very young children
Toddlers: 1 t
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