20 Jun Topic: Opioid Receptors Signaling against pain always with pleasure? This week you learned about the concept of receptors, GTP-binding ?proteins and different signal transduction path
Topic: Opioid Receptors – Signaling against pain always with pleasure?
This week you learned about the concept of receptors, GTP-binding proteins and different signal transduction pathways operating in cells. As you work on this week's discussion board assignment, consider the following.
Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons adults seek medical care. The condition has been linked to restrictions in mobility and daily activities, anxiety and depression and often to dependence on opioids. According to a 2016 CDC analysis of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data, an estimated 20.4% (50.0 million) of U.S. adults had chronic pain and 8.0% of U.S. adults (19.6 million) had high-impact chronic pain. Opioid-based medications have been used by man as an analgesic and euphoric for over 5000 years of which morphine is the most widely known and used. Morphine and the other opioids codeine, papaverine and thebaine are extracted from the poppy plant Papaver somniferum. All four natural opioids bind to different opioid receptors which are distributed throughout the central nervous system and also within peripheral tissue of neural and non-neural origin. All opioids (natural or synthetic) used in clinical practice today to reduce pain exert their action at the MOP receptor. However, some have additional activities most namely reduction in conscious level and euphoria, making them drugs of abuse.
This week I want you to read the following scientific review article (Pathan H. & Williams J. Basic opioid pharmacology: an update. Br. J. Pain 6(1): 11-16 (2012) and do some research on NCBI PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) on this week's topic and discuss the following aspects with your class mates:
- How many receptors have been found for opioids? What are their names?
- How do those opioid receptors differ? Which components do they share?
- What is known about the intracellular signaling pathways of those opioid receptors?
- In which way might increased knowledge about the intracellular signaling components of the opioid receptor help to develop new generations of analgesics without addictive properties?
Be sure to include all references at the end of your initial posting to receive full credit. These posts need to be a couple of paragraphs and should not exceed a page (minimum of 250 words required for full credit of original post). You must write at least 250 words to one page and include details in your original
Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Ask A Question and we will direct you to our Order Page at WriteDemy. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Fill in all the assignment paper details that are required in the order form with the standard information being the page count, deadline, academic level and type of paper. It is advisable to have this information at hand so that you can quickly fill in the necessary information needed in the form for the essay writer to be immediately assigned to your writing project. Make payment for the custom essay order to enable us to assign a suitable writer to your order. Payments are made through Paypal on a secured billing page. Finally, sit back and relax.
About Wridemy
We are a professional paper writing website. If you have searched a question and bumped into our website just know you are in the right place to get help in your coursework. We offer HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE Papers.
How It Works
To make an Order you only need to click on “Order Now” and we will direct you to our Order Page. Fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Are there Discounts?
All new clients are eligible for 20% off in their first Order. Our payment method is safe and secure.