19 Jul CAPSTONE: PART II? TOPIC: Create Change in the High Rate of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) Among Elderly Patients in Long-Term Care Facilities 1. Review of Literature – Review and
CAPSTONE: PART II
TOPIC: Create Change in the High Rate of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) Among Elderly Patients in Long-Term Care Facilities
1. Review of Literature
– Review and discuss literature: Synthesize at least 10 primary research studies and/or systematic reviews; do not include summary articles. This section is all about the scientific evidence rather than someone else’s opinion of the evidence. Do not use secondary sources; you need to get the article, read it, and make your own decision about quality and applicability to your question even if you did find out about the study in a review of the literature. This is a synthesis rather than a study by study review. Address the similarities, differences, and controversies in the body of evidence.
2. Analyze and apply knowledge directly to your PICOT- The studies that you cite in this section must relate directly to your PICOT question.
3. Provide precise body of evidence for your Practice Change
4. Discuss objectives for your practice change
5. Discuss where the problem exists, why it exists, what is the preposition for change
6. Apply all that is relevant to the problem. For example: Pros vs Cons, current state of problem
NOTE: It should not reflect your opinion, but rather Evidence Based Practice should be applied
-After completing a literature search on interventions addressing your chosen health problem, write a review that evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of all the sources you have found.
-Use appropriate APA 7th Ed. format along with Syllabus outline
-Scholarly, peer-reviewed, and research articles cited should be within the last five years.
-This section should be 4 pages long (not including the title and reference page).
-Use proper in-text citations with a properly formatted reference list.
-All papers must be written in the 3rd person.
PART 1, IS ATTACHED YOU CAN SEE THERE THE TOPIC AND DO PART 2 ACCORDING INFORMATION IN PART 1
DUE DATE JULY 20, 2023
Capstone Part 1 – Create Change in the High Rate of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) Among Elderly Patients in Long-Term Care Facilities
Student’s Name: Yusleiby Castillo
Institution: Florida National University
Course Name: MSN Capstone Project
Professor’s Name: Carmen Lazo
Date: July 5, 2023
Capstone Part 1 – Create Change in the High Rate of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) Among Elderly Patients in Long-Term Care Facilities
Introduction
Hospitals are the environment where people expect to receive an improvement in their health and well-being. Issues occur when patients get subjected to Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs), yet they have much trust in gaining improvement in their well-being. For the elderly population, HAIs are adverse processes that lead to deteriorating health when infections occur while getting treated for medical or surgical conditions. There is a need to implement healthcare changes by analyzing how in elderly patients residing in long-term care facilities (P), the implementation of strict infection control protocols (I), compared to standard infection control practices (C), leads to a reduction in the incidence of hospital-acquired infections (O) within six months (T)? Research conducted at different long-term care facilities indicates that elderly patients get infected at an average period of 1.7 weeks from the beginning of their stay (Haenen et al., 2019). Handing this project is possible by using this purpose statement: There is an immediate need to evaluate the safety of long-term care facilities by implementing strict policies to reduce elderly persons' rate of getting infected.
PICOT
Patient/Problem
The patient population is elderly persons who do not integrate productive healthcare procedures since they can be affected by limited solutions to their issues. Most elderly persons get affected by chronic illnesses like dementia, high blood pressure, cancer, and respiratory issues. When this occurs, their bodies become vulnerable to infections based on reduced immunological competence and complications of their existent illnesses (Kollia et al., 2018). Elderly persons often find engaging with the normal environment hard since they are at an advanced age, limiting productive work outcomes. When this occurs, living in long-term care facilities becomes imperative as older persons reach a stage where their physical needs become much more important than their psychological needs, a dangerous outcome in healthcare departments. Without proper expertise in handling the health conditions of elderly persons in long-term facilities, they can be exposed to infections (Kollia et al., 2018).
Intervention
Integrating nurses with advanced expertise to better serve healthcare environments is imperative. They shall analyze risk factors for infections, connect patients to suitable doctors, suggest methods of integrating suitable treatment options, and have accurate records management to ensure a long-term facility is managed with advanced expertise.
Comparison
A suitable alternative to offering better health outcomes is to use lifestyle changes to handle illnesses that make older persons prone to infection when receiving treatment. There is a crucial need to integrate current healthcare improvement procedures to ensure collaboration among nurses and elderly persons when new treatment or care methods are suggested. Technology platforms implemented at long-term care facilities can communicate with elderly people to promote personal care for their issues (Wilson & Small, 2020).
Outcome
Elderly persons who avoid behaviors that cause them to get admitted and those who adhere to treatment methods for their chronic conditions can find it better to avoid infections. It can be possible to increase healthcare productivity after adhering to all expected healthcare guidelines using procedures known to reduce complications.
Timeframe
Six months is a suitable time to implement major healthcare changes for a long-term facility when the different resources get implemented. Reduction of infection rates will be possible when the professionals involved identify risk factors and tailor their expertise to serve various patients' needs at long-term care facilities.
Description of Vulnerable Population
Solving the issue of HAI is possible by addressing social determinants affecting the selected population of elderly persons. Social determinants that affect the health of elderly persons living in long-term care facilities include financial resources, physical movement, food, and social connections (Kollia et al., 2018). Risk factors include the length of stay while exposed to the central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation, body temperature, presence of underlying illnesses, immunosuppression, diabetes, admission to ICU, and lengthy stay there (Zhao et al., 2019). The risk factors mentioned uniquely can result in conditions like tuberculosis, aspergillosis, surgical site infection, neurological ICU processes, and urinary tract infections (Zhao et al., 2019). When elderly persons do not adhere to suitable social determinants, their health will get adversely affected.
Proposal
Reducing HAIs among elderly persons in healthcare facilities is possible by performing frequent patient research to recognize infections early, avoiding the use of invasive devices, surveillance of a healthcare environment, implementing isolation practices, and using hand hygiene methods that would prevent the spread of contaminants (Cristina et al., 2021). Ensuring healthcare equipment is clean and frequently cleaning the areas in a long-term care facility will generate advanced processes for validating healthcare improvement needs for elderly persons. Resource allocation for ensuring the interventions get implemented are personnel for cleaning different areas, purchase of cleaning or sterilizing materials, and hiring nurses with advanced experience in caring for elderly persons. Nurses are imperative for working in long-term care facilities since they can identify risk factors for patients to get infections and eliminate them before occurrence.
Theoretical Framework/Nursing Theory
As the nursing theory, change theory is the suitable theoretical framework supporting the project as it posits that Change can be implemented using the unfreezing-change-refreeze model to ensure improved learning (Burnes, 2019). There can be driving forces regulating how Change occurs by influencing a person to perform certain activities needed to ensure equilibrium toward Change (Burnes, 2019). Unfreezing allows recognition of an older pattern; for this project, the pattern is HAIs occurring among elderly persons. Change is then implemented when nurses integrate their expertise in reducing infections using pertinent resources for better care, and refreezing occurs when implemented Change becomes a new habit.
References
Burnes, B. (2019). the beginnings of Lewin's three-step change approach. 56(1), 32–59, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science.
Cristina, M. L., Spagnolo, A. M., Giribone, L., Demartini, A., & Sartini, M. (2021). A narrative review of the epidemiology and prevention of infections in elderly patients associated with healthcare. Environmental Research and Public Health: An International Journal, 18(10), 5333. .
Haenen, A. P. J., Verhoef, L. P., Gijsbers, E. F., Alblas, J., A. Huis, M. Hulscher, and S. C. de Greeff (2019). Infection surveillance in long-term care facilities (LTCFs): The effect of involvement over a number of years on the frequency of infections related to healthcare. Epidemiology and infection, 147, e266.
Kollia, N., Caballero, F.F., Sánchez-Niubó, A. et al. (2018).The ATHLOS project, an English longitudinal study of aging, examined social variables, health status, and 10-year mortality among 10,906 older persons. 18th BMC Public Health, 1357.
Wilson, R., & Small, J. (2020). Mixed Methods Study on Care Staff Perceptions of Using Mobile Technology to Support Communication in Long-Term Care. e21881 in JMIR Nursing, 3(1).
Zhao, X., Wang, L., Wei, N. et al. (2019). An analysis of a retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary hospital in China identified risk variables for healthcare-associated infections in older patients. BMC Geriatr, 193 (19),
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