29 Sep In one page each Respond to Segun and Matthew by f
In one page each Respond to Segun and Matthew by further supporting his or her critique or respectfully offering a differing perspective. Segun Evaluating Use of Literature and Problem Statement COLLAPSE Authors’ use of literature Part of the research process considers not only the formation of an original research problem that can stand up to academic validity but also seeking a review of the literature and similar research problem statements already published. According to Spencer et al (2011), one must take an approach where they are critical to the content of the article, its frameworks, and findings. As the researcher is forming a new and original project into place, looking at other journals within the subject study is crucial to prove the importance of the discussion and analysis later in the teeming of value and validate the survey to represents the community it serves. Several tests can be used to provide a means of determining how significant the article remains to the existing literature, and its value to future applications (Spencer et al., 2011). Research problem According to Spencer et al (2011), the problem addressed by the study includes the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes among African American and Latino adults, and how unmanageable this pandemic is among them despite having access to adequate health care, coupled with the effectiveness of the community health workers interventions. The article identified and justified the need for the study. The author had a thorough literature review according to the literature review checklist (“Research Theory, Design, and Methods,” 2016). The author does point out the limitations in the interpretation of their findings. The purpose of the study is to test the effectiveness of a culturally tailored, behavioral theory-based community healthcare worker and the intervention for improving glycemic control (Spencer et al.,2011). Information about the population and demography of participants were also provided. The participants who were at least 18 years of age and had been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes who are self-identified as African American or Latino/ Hispanic were used for this study. The study hypothesis stated that the Latino and the African American adults commonly experience a 49% to 99% higher illness or mortality burden due to type 2 diabetes compared to white Americans. Moreover, both Latino and African American adults suffering from diabetes experience high glycemic control complications and more barriers to self-management compared to Native Americans. The critical results summarized in the study include participants in the intervention group with a mean HbA1c value of 8.6% at baseline, which improved to 7.8% after six months, for an adjusted change of -0.8 percentage points (P<.01). Also, it was observed that there was no change in the mean HbA1c among the control group, with an 8.5% value (Spencer et al., 2011). The study considers cultural needs as ways the healthcare professional can remain effective in treatment. The framework uses literature to form the problem statement by aligning theory-based intervention for healthcare providers with the tools used to stay productive and proactive as they seek bonds with patients to develop treatment strategies. The use of theory can solidify and create a framework for future work in terms of how healthcare workers perceive the use of culture as a variable for care. The logic for the literature for the study was concretized through the provision of rationale via theories, models, and quantitative analysis (Creswell & Creswell, 2017). Furthermore, the presentation of literature is meant to build a foundation for the alignment of research questions with the purpose of its approach based on the area gap is identified. It could also assist in testing the result further in taking patient care to the next level based on perception. Giving the healthcare worker the tools also supports the application of the theory as a best practice for delivery of care. The strength of the problem statement remains in the in-depth of the research question exploration merit compare to its effectiveness. Part of having strong problem statements will be in the reviewing of the existing literature to prove the need for further research. The issue of culture and its influence upon healthcare practices especially for specific demographics where disease such as diabetes is prevalent is also essential as a control test question to justify the need to study the link between the patient’s culture and how effective the treatment remains (Spencer et al., 2011). Research study- Justified and grounded in the literature Research is said to be justified when it provides enough and credible evidence about the problem being studied. Research is grounded with strong evidence that could help in modifying and improving past literature and research findings and lay a foundation for future investigations. This ground or foundation could be used as a benchmark for comparison for future inquiries. The original research problem means that when studying some topic or problem gives some new findings rather than creating a summary of previous researches and results. When research can provide a new dimension, new approaches, and unique viewpoints after studying a problem, that means it is original research (Newman & Newman, 2017). The literature does justify the importance of the topic studied. As the author states in the article that “Although the initial results from CHW programs are encouraging, many have had methodological limitations, including lack of grounding in behavioral theory and inadequately rigorous evaluation” (Spencer, 2011). According to the researcher, intervention programs carried out by Community Health Workers (CHW) has seen an improvement in the outcomes and the overall health behaviors, especially for ethnic and racial minority communities that have historically lacked access to medical care and proper medication. The intervention enlists and carries out training programs for community members working as bridges between ethnic, tribal, cultural, or geographic communities, including medical care practitioners, to promote wellbeing (Spencer, 2011). The researcher justifies the study by stating that, although initial research has reported success in the intervention program, some of the studies have portrayed inevitable setbacks such as inadequately rigorous evaluation during the investigation and lack of basis in the behavioral theory. As noted in the recent Cochrane review of assessments of CHW programs, the majority of previous researchers have not used a randomized controlled trial design. Hence, they have not adequately addressed potential threats to their external validity, such as selection bias and unmeasured differences between intervention and control groups (Polit & Beck, 2014). The author provided a list of references at the end of the study without in-text citations to support the points made in the study. The quotes are from recent literature, except seminal works, which also validate the research literature (Spencer et al., 2011). When a research study is justified and grounded in the literature, it means that there is enough rationale for the research to be studied based on existing literature. The Litmus test can help determine whether a study is relevant and meaningful to the field of knowledge or not (“Research Resources: Research Planning & Writing,” 2015c). When one is justifying a research study, it stemmed from the outcome of the literature review. It means that the problem statement is framed in a way that enables the researcher to either build upon or counter the previously published findings. For a research problem to be original, it would mean that the issue reflects a significant gap in the research literature, or it describes a significant difference in practice (“Research Theory, Design, and Methods,” 2016). Evidence to justify that the research problem is original According to Spencer et al (2011), there is specific evidence to justify the need for understanding how culture impacts effective practices. These examples are also grounded in the support from previous literature. For instance, a discussion on the REACH project out of Detroit and trial experimentation was done by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) about how to design intervention strategies for specific demographic populations support this notion. Hence, further litmus test suggests the connection between the evaluation of culture as a variable for intervention, which must be an original idea based upon evidence of need (Newman & Newman, 2017). With the correlation between the REACH project and CDC findings, the basis for investigating the connection between demography and how health care is delivered because of intervention and actions on the part of the health care professional remains vital. With a basis in experimentation and scientific trials, the study reveals credibility because it can return to inquiry status (Spencer et al., 2011). . References Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Thousand Oaks: Sage publications. Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2017). Development through life: A psychosocial approach. Boston: Cengage Learning. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2014). Nursing research: Principles and methods. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Spencer, M. S., Rosland, A. M., Kieffer, E. C., Sinco, B. R., Valerio, M., Palmisano, G., . . . & Heisler, M. (2011). Effectiveness of a community health worker intervention among African American and Latino adults with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Public Health, 101(12), 2253–2260. DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300106 Walden University. (2016). Research theory, design, and methods. Laureate Education, Inc. Retrieved from Walden Library Database Walden University: Center for Research Quality. (2015c). Research resources: Research planning & writing. Retrieved from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/researchcenter/resources/planning. Herrick Week 3 Discussion-Herrick COLLAPSE The literature under review is “Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker Intervention Among African American and Latino Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial” published in the American Journal of Public Health in 2011 (Spencer, et al., 2011). The authors use several pieces of literature to not only introduce a problem, but to introduce theory and compare different studies that have been conducted in the area of research. Identifying the need for a culturally tailored approach to the role of a community health worker is one that has not been explored enough within this setting. The authors address and critique past studies that have been conducted and their noted limitations. The purpose of the study is well defined, and the methods and results are detailed as well as highlighted to portray the key findings. The article clearly defined the target for the study group and provides adequate information in regard to the sample population of the participants. The authors cite sixty-six different pieces of literature within their article. However, forty-eight of these articles are 5+ years old. Articles dated back this far are often not as accurate and do not provide a significant amount of evidence for research purposes. As mentioned previously, the authors do a great job at identifying the problem and stating the need for the study to be conducted. The rationale behind the research is defined as well through the introduction and the objectives. The article is structured in a way that is consistent with common research approach and provides an explanation of how the study with address the identified problem. As for any research being done, there are a few questions that need to be answered to determine if the research should be done or not. It is important to check to see if a research study is justified and grounded in literature, as well as an original study. To justify a research study, there must be evidence that the problem exists and is significant. The article reviewed cites several articles that support their introduction to the problem. To have a grounding in literature, the problem should be able to be articulated within the context of a certain theory or framework. The article reviewed relies heavily on the Randomized Controlled trial approach. Additionally, the research study must be original. The study should work to fill gaps in research literature and not duplicate what is already published. Lastly, the research study should be able to be applied to address the problem and should not show bias. References Spencer, M. S., Rosland, A. M., Kieffer, E. C., Sinco, B. R., Valerio, M., Palmisano, G., . . . Heisler, M. (2011). Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker Intervention Among African American and Latino Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Public Health, 101(12), 2253-2260. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3222418
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