09 Oct Topic 7 Reading Exercises from:Copi, Irving M. In
Topic 7 Reading Exercises from:Copi, Irving M. Introduction to Logic, 14th Edition. Routledge. 7.2 INSTRUCTIONSTranslate the following syllogistic arguments into standard form, and test their validity by using the syllogistic rules set forth in Chapter 6. Example Problem Some preachers are persons of unfailing vigor. No preachers are nonintellectuals. Therefore some intellectuals are persons of unfailing vigor. Example Solution This argument may be translated into: Some preachers are persons of unfailing vigor. (Some P is V.) All preachers are intellectuals. (By obversion: All P is I.) Therefore some intellectuals are persons of unfailing vigor. (Some I is V.) Explain whether the syllogism is valid using the 6 rules (6.4) and mood (6.5). Translate the following into standard-form categorical propositions: Example Problem Roses are fragrant. Example Solution Standard-form translation: All roses are fragrant things. Example ProblemHe groans whenever he is reminded of his loss. Example SolutionStandard-form translation: All times when he is reminded of his loss are times when he groans. For each of the following arguments, Example Problem Since all knowledge comes from sensory impressions and since there’s no sensory impression of substance itself, it follows logically that there is no knowledge of substance.—Robert M. Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance(New York: Bantam, 1975) Example SolutionNo things derived from sensory impressions are items of knowledge of substance itself.All items of knowledge are things derived from sensory impressions.Therefore, no items of knowledge are items of knowledge of substance itself. —Peter Thomas Geach, Reference and Generality(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1980) —John Brooks, “Annals of Finance,” The New Yorker, 28 May 1979 —Irving Kristol, “The Environmentalist Crusade,”The Wall Street Journal, 16 December 1974 —Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, I, question 21, art. 3 —George Berkeley, Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous,in Opposition to Sceptics and Atheists, 1713
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